多壳的

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Due to an abundant rainfall and frequent rainstorm, and geographical characteristics of mountain and hills, the potential erosive dynamics of soil erosion is strong. The low resistant erosion ability of ground substance, especially in granite weathering crust and purple rock and its soil are the inner causes of severe soil erosion. The utilization of natural resource of mankind was increased due to characteristics of social and economic environment of the province. The unreasonable land utilization caused vegetation destroy, which is the key factor of soil erosion.

丰沛的降雨和频繁的暴雨，以及多山地丘陵的地形特征，为土壤侵蚀提供了强大的侵蚀潜在动力；抗侵蚀性较弱的地面组成物质，特别是花岗岩和紫色岩风化壳及其土壤，是造成土壤侵蚀特别严重的内在原因；而社会经济环境特点使人类利用自然资源强度增加，出现了一系列土地利用不合理现象，导致其中植被破坏，是造成土壤侵蚀的决定性因子。

It contains cross-study of basic theories of multiple subjects like the inertia balance of variable-mass rotation body under the rotating of accelerating, uniform, decelerating and varying accelerated and resonance, patting, damping and lagging caused by its vibration.

壳桶合一洗衣机避振系统的研发，看似简单实则复杂，它涉及了圆周运动、摆动、动平衡、陀螺效应、流体力学；变质量旋转体在加速、匀速、减速、变加速的转动中的惯性平衡及其振动产生的共振、拍、阻尼、滞后等等多学科基础理论的交叉研究，还需要通过大量定性模拟试验与定量实体实验，并对试验结果进行分析、优选、论证以及对其可靠性的证实等长期复杂的科学研发过程。

The effect of interspace diffuse resistance for chitosanase's kinetic property is found larger than that of carrier's electrical property.

酶经固定化后所产生的空间扩散阻力对壳聚糖酶的动力学性质的影响要比在固定化过程中所用载体所带的电荷的极性对酶的动力学性质的影响大的多。

The CGRP-positive fibers in the MrD of the striatum connected dorsally with the bed nucleus of the stria terminals through the stria terminals, ventrally with the amygdaloid nucleus, and caudally with the CGRP-positive cell bodies in the lateral part of the substantia nigra and its dorsolateral area.(4) The CGRP-positive fibers connected mainly with the central amygdaloid nucleus, and less with the medial amygdaloid nucleus; the CGRP-positive fibers in the lateral border of the caudate putamen connected mainly with the central amygdaloid nucleus as well.

并与边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维带之间存在较多的横向联系纤维；（3）纹状体边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维向背侧通过终纹与吻侧的终纹床核联系，向腹侧与杏仁核的CGRP阳性纤维相连，向尾侧和中脑黑质外侧部及其背外侧区的CGRP阳性胞体相连；（4）边缘区的CGRP阳性纤维主要与杏仁中央核相联系，少量与杏仁内侧核相联系；尾壳核外侧缘的CGRP阳性纤维也主要与杏仁中央核相联系。

Using cytochalasin D to prevent global actin from forming filamentous structures, the production of Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Hz-AM1 cells grown in the medium containing 0.5μg/ml CD was completely inhibited while its production was reduced to 10〓 in the presence of 0.1μg/ml CD by plaque assay. However, Western blotting revealed that the actin quantity in infected host cells treated or untreated with CD was almost identical. Additionally, CD had no effect on the DNA synthesis of HaNPV.

Western blot表明细胞松弛素D并不影响受染细胞中肌动蛋白的含量，Dot blot表明病毒DNA的合成也没有受到影响，但电子显微镜超薄切片发现在0.5ug／mL细胞松弛素D中形成的病毒粒子形态与正常的有明显区别，认为细胞松弛素D抑制棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的增殖是因为抑制病毒的DNA和蛋白组装成完整有感染性的病毒粒子，即丝状肌动蛋白对病毒粒子的脱壳和DNA的复制、转录没有影响，但对病毒粒子的组装是必须的。

A new picorna-like virus was isolated from dead Evtropis oblique larvae deceased from NPV infection. Electron microscopic observations of purified virions were non-enveloped isometric particles with diameter of 26nm. The virions contain two capsid proteins: 31.5kDa and 28.8kDa, the amount of later is 2.5 times more than that of the former. Analysis of 3′terminal sequence of EoPV clone identified that it can encode RdRp and has eight conserved motifs. Homology analysis shows that it is closely related to Perina nuda picorna-like virus.

从核型多角体病毒感染致死的茶尺蠖幼虫尸体中分离到一株微小RNA病毒透射电镜观察纯化的病毒粒子为无囊膜、无表面特征、直径约26nm的球状颗粒。16%的SDS-PAGE显示它有两个分子量为31.5 kDa和28.8 kDa的衣壳蛋白，后者的含量是前者的2.5倍。3′端克隆序列分析表明EoPV基因组3′有poly尾，编码RNA聚合酶，含有微小RNA病毒RNA聚合酶的八个保守基序，同源性分析表明它与榕透翅毒蛾微小RNA病毒亲缘关系最近。

On the third day, the themes began to emerge out of each group: the wind distortion on the unobstructed river embankment and sounds of stones striking objects, led into the man-made mechanical systems of the MRT at the Taipei Main Station, followed by the Madams speaking with a local twang in a alleyway off Huaxi Street, a young foreign woman whispering and teasing, passersby flipping through pirated DVDs that are encased in plastic cases, and karaoke, the modulated looping of non-melodic electronic effects. These environmental sounds become timeless ambiance and a cross-section of memory. We observe the world through sound, using point of sound as a capturing angel for imagery and through digital wave imaging to illustrate the soundscape.

第三天各组的主题渐渐地浮上来；河堤旁空旷的风阻声与小石击物的动作声，带进台北车站内火车捷运的人造机械系统，尔后，华西街小巷内的老鸨多操著本籍口音，暗暗私语的是外籍年轻小姐的笑骂，旁人翻动盗版DVD的塑胶壳与卡拉 OK，无音律的电子效果经过回路改造再制，转成大空永恒的环境音，切著记忆的片断，以声音去看世界，以发声点为摄像的角度，更透过电子波型图示音景自载的起承转合。

Based on the multi-layer shell element model that is now widely used in the nonlinear analysis for the shear wall structure,different constitutive models of concrete and reinforcement are discussed in this paper.Selected in this discussion were two models:a new constitutive model for concrete,referred as microplane model,which could precisely simulate the nonlinear behaviors of concrete under complicated stress conditions,and a constitutive model for reinforcement,which could accurately modeling the hysteretic behaviors of the reinforcement.Some shear wall tests were analyzed to demonstrate the precision of the proposed model.

在适用于剪力墙结构非线性分析的分层壳墙单元模型基础上，对其中的混凝土本构模型和钢筋本构模型进行讨论，采用一种能较好的模拟混凝土在多轴复杂应力状态下特性的microplane模型和一种能够全面反映钢筋在往复载荷下各种复杂受力特性的钢筋本构模型，分别模拟混凝土和钢筋的力学行为特征。

Also being with the metamorphic crystalline basement formed later and suffered the stronger tectonic event and the material composition reforming, being composed of the material with low density and existing the relatively weak intrinsic mechanical system, Huaxia massif was affected by the various tectonic movement in the later period, the layers inside the lithosphere interacted under action of the tectonic force, this led to the material composition and the structure regulated and changed constantly by the magmatism in the crust, underplating and faulting and folding, therefore, the ability to resist the deformation decreased with the every variation.

华夏地块变质结晶基底形成时代晚，并遭受更多更强构造变动与物质组分的改造使之物质组成密度较小，岩石圈先期固有的力学结构系统相对较弱，尤其是后期的地球大系统的历次构造运动都对其施加影响，构造动力作用下引起内部圈层间相互发生作用，导致内部物质成分、结构形态通过壳内岩浆活动、地幔底侵作用、断裂褶皱等不断的调整重组重建而变化，其每一次调整变化，都使其总体抵抗变形能力进一步降低。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了