多型性

This study adopts PCR method of coagulase - and sequencing RouGe detection a fragment of gene ESR polymorphism, and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms egg and correlation analysis, explore properties with different genotypes RouGe egg performance, from the relationship between genetic level RouGe reveal candidate function mechanism of molecular genetics of egg performance, RouGe new strains of selection for the use of genetic material.

本研究采用PCR-SSCP和测序的方法检测肉鸽ESR基因某一片段的多态性，并将其单核苷酸多态性与产蛋性能进行相关性分析，探索不同基因型与肉鸽产蛋性能之间的关系，旨在从候选功能基因层次揭示肉鸽产蛋性能分子遗传机理，为肉鸽新品系的选育提供可借鉴的遗传资料。

This paper reviewed the advances in honeybee breeding involving to estimate the numbers of subfamilies in a colony and analyze the genetic correlation among workers; guess the polyandry level of queens and identify the purity of a subspecies; build a linkage map and discriminate loci of quantitative traits; genotype and distinguish full sister from semi sisters; analyze the trend of sperm to inseminate an egg and so on by means of such molecular biotech as microsatellites DNA, mitochondria...

综述了应用微卫星 DNA技术、线粒体 DNA技术、随机扩增多态性 DNA、聚合酶链式反应和 DNA指纹等分子生物技术所进行的蜜蜂育种研究现状。其应用主要包括估计蜂群内亚家系的组成数目和分析工蜂间的遗传相关，推断蜂王的多雄水平和鉴定蜜蜂种性，构建连锁图和区别数量性状位点，鉴定基因型和区别全胞、半胞姐妹以及分析精子受精力的倾向性等

Methods -3489C/T and 478C/T polymorphism were screened in 196 type 2 diabetic patients and 119 normal controls by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment lenth polymorphism method.

运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对196例T2DM患者和120例正常对照者的-3489C/T与478C/T多态性进行检测，并比较各组间基因型频率和等位基因频率以及相关临床资料。

Methods Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify mdm2 genotypes. The Pearson Chi square test and Woolf statistic method were used to analyze the relative risk and 95% confidence interval in order to find the genetic association between polymorphism of mdm2 gene and symptoms and pathological types of NSCLC.

采用聚合酶链反应和限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法检测88例NSCLC患者的mdm2基因型，并通过Pearson卡方检验及Woolf方法计算相对风险度及95%可信区间（95%CI），验证mdm2基因多态性与各临床症状及病理类型之间的关联性。

Results Among all 25 cases of lymphangioma,Within 20 cases of cystic lymphangioma,single cyst was showed in 14 cases and multilocular cyst was showed in 6 cases in plain scan,and little enhancement of capsule wall and septal in 8 cases in enhancement scanning. Cystic-solid mass was showed in 4 cases of cavernoma lymphangioma in plain scan,and solid part of mass was enhanced obviously in enhancement scanning.1 capillary ymphangioma showed the skin and hypodermic thicking,and part of area showed little beehive-like feature. Enhancement scanning showed slight irregularity enhancement.

结果 25例淋巴管瘤中20例囊性淋巴管瘤，CT平扫14例表现为单一囊肿，6例表现为多房性囊肿，囊腔内见有分隔；增强扫描8例出现囊壁或间隔的轻微强化。4例海绵状淋巴管瘤平扫均表现为囊实性肿块，增强检查实性部分有明显分期增强；1例毛细管型淋巴管瘤表现为局部皮肤及皮下组织的增厚，部分区域见有小蜂房样表现，增强扫描见有轻度不规则强化。

Based on the higher alcohols and lactic acid metabolism theory, a method was developed to low higher alcohols capability Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains by screening high lactic acid dehydrogenization enzyme activity in this study.

本研究对Y1110菌株及其出发菌株、突变等株16株不同来源的酵母菌株进行全基因组RAPD分析，建立并优化了酵母RAPD扩增体系和分型系统，从20条随机引物中筛选出了3条具有较好的扩增多态性，共扩增出34条RAPD谱带，多态性为85.3％；获得了稳定清晰的RAPD指纹图谱。

The data byχ~2 were consistent with the separation ratio as 1: 2: 1 χ~2=4.028＜χ_(0.05,2~2=5.99, which further conformed that glandless character was controlled by a incomplete dominance gene, Gl_2~e. 2. SSR markers every about 5cM were selected in the chromosome 12 of our lab genetic linkage map to screen the parent plants. The markers with the polymorphism were used to amplify the DNA of 210 F_2 segregating plants selected randomly and recorded the marker genotypes. After eliminating the segregation distortion markers byχ~2 test, other SSR markers were detected by linkage analysis.

二、参照本实验室海陆种间遗传连锁图谱第12染色体上的SSR标记，平均每5cM左右选择一个标记进行亲本多态性的筛选，筛选出具有多态性的标记位点进一步扩增随机抽取的210个F_2群体单株的DNA，鉴定每个个体的标记基因型。X~2检测剔除偏分离标记后进行连锁分析，发现Gl_2~e基因位于CIR362与NAU5079之间，进一步参考图谱上位于CIR362与NAU5079之间的标记加密图谱，最终将其定位在CIR362和NAU2251b、NAU3860b、STV033之间。

Firstly, an invasive species must be invasive enough in itself or has some biological distinction, such as quantitative and qualitative differences in the genome, or patterns of recombination. Secondly, to invade successfully, a new environment for an invasive species must be invasible, and this we may call the ecological basis of invasion. An invasive species may need to establish new interactions with other species, especially those mutualistic relations such as animal related pollination, seed dispersal by animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and symbioses between plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria.

首先从其自身来说，需要有足够的入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生物学基础，可能表现为具有多倍性、一定的遗传变异、杂合性或表型可塑性，以及不同的交配系统等；其次一个物种的入侵成功还取决于入侵生境的可入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生态学基础，而新的种间关系的形成，尤其是入侵种与其他种类的互惠共生关系的建成是关键。

To investigate distribution of gene mutations in LPL exon 9 in Chinese population and to study the possible effects of the mutation on plasma lipids, variants were screened by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Ser~(447)→stop polymorphism was identified by PCR-RFLP . the plasma lipids in stop447 carrier group and stop447 noncarrier group were compared and analysis.

为探讨中国人群LPL基因外显子9常见突变的种类、频率以及其可能产生的影响，我们利用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析和DNA测序技术及PCR-RFLP技术检测出我国人群的LPL外显子9基因突变、基因型和等位基因频率，确定了中国人群Ser~(447)→stop这一多态性位点。

Ob j ect i ve To reveal the relationship between PON-1 Q/R polymorphism, serum PON-1 activity and T2DM complicated by CAD in Chinese Han ethnic group and to provide objective evidence in the prophylaxes and management of T2DM complicated by CAD.Methods The subjects of the study consist of four groups:(1) T2DM group (22 men and 14 women, mean age 56 ?8 years);(2) CAD group (35 men and 6 women, mean age 60 ? 13 years);(3) T2DM complicated by CAD group(14 men and 13 women, mean age 66 ?9 years);(4) normal-control group(21 men and 12 women, mean age 57 + 11 years).

目的与方法本研究应用聚合酶链式反应—限制性片段长度多态性方法鉴定天津地区汉族人单纯T2DM患者36例、单纯CAD患者41例、T2DM合并CAD患者27例和正常对照组33例的PON-1 Q／R基因多态性的基因型，并测定血清PON-1活性，探讨PON-1在T2DM并发CAD中的作用，为该病的防治提供客观依据。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。