多型性

RESULTS:① No obvious sight defect was detected with the quantitative detection of automatic sight apparatus.② ECT cerebrospinal fluid imaging thought that proximal frontal sinus of right cerebral frontal lobe was the leakage, and the liquid glucose in nasal cavity was quantitatively confirmed to be cerebrospinal fluid.③ Cranial CT showed that cleft could be observed in bilateral frontal lobe and lateral ventricle, low-density gas shadow could be observed in cisterna ambiens, cortex of frontal bone was discontinuous, and bone matrix was trapped.④ ECG showed that right forehead and temple had irregular slow wave, and attack of θ wave. Brain topographic mapping showed that the δ power value of right forehead was increased.⑤ EPQ: The scores of extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and lie were 55, 55, 80 and 50 respectively;⑥ MMPI: The code showed a mode of 69/96, indicating that the brain organ tended to paranoid schizophrenia.

结果：①自动视野仪定量检测未发现明确视野缺损；②ECT脑脊液显像考虑右侧大脑额叶近额窦部为漏口；鼻腔液体糖定量证实是脑脊液；③头颅CT额叶及侧脑室双侧裂，环池见低密度气体影，额骨骨皮质不连续，骨质下陷；④脑电图右额、颞不规则慢波，有θ波发作；脑电地形图：右额δ功率值增高；⑤艾森克人格问卷：内外向分55、神经质分55，精神质分80，掩饰分50；⑥明尼苏达多相人格调查表：编码显示69/96模式，提示脑器质性偏执型精神分裂症；⑦症状自评量表：总分147、阳性项目分37，躯体化、强迫状态、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对和其他6项目平均分超过常模。

Traditional morphological studies have resulted in few solid conclusions regarding the monophyly and systematic position of Myriapoda within Arthropoda; the origin and evolutionary history of Myriapoda are also veiled by the sparsity of the group's fossil record.

基于表型性状的系统学研究中，多足动物亚门在节肢动物门中的系统分类和单系性等问题一直存在争议；化石记录的稀少又使多足动物的起源及演化历史变得迷雾重重。

At polymorphic gene locus, the variance components of quantitative trait was described as follows:VA=2βp and VG=p′Xp-G2 in which p=column vector of polymorphic allele frequencies,β=row vector of2,X=［a2ij］i×i matrix,aij=genotype value,and G=population mean.

数量性状相对多态座位的加性方差和遗传方差分别为VA=2βp和VG=p′Xp-G2，其中p′和p分别表示多态等位基因频率的行向量和列向量，X表示以基因型值平方为元素的矩阵，β表示以基因均效平方为元素的行向量，G为群体均数。

In order to explore the clinical prospect of Peimine, we select acute leukemia patients as objects, and investigate the followings:(1) Relationship between P170′s expression and its clinical effect in AL;(2) Mechanism of Thurberg Fritillary Bulb and Peimine in reversing MDR in AL;(3) Combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, the ability of Thurberg Fritillary Bulb to decrease P170's high expression and its clinical efficacy in AL management;(4) Relationship between Traditional Chinese syndrome and P170′s expression or clinical efficacy.

为了探讨浙贝母的临床应用前景，考虑到取材的方便性，我们选择了急性白血病为研究对象，做了以下几方面的研究工作：(1)P170在急性白血病中的表达及其与临床疗效的关系；(2)浙贝母散剂和贝母甲素逆转急性白血病细胞多药耐药的机制探讨；(3)浙贝母散剂临床合用化疗时对急性白血病细胞多药耐药蛋白P170的逆转作用及其临床疗效；(4)中医证型与P170表达及临床耐药关系的研究。

Chapter 2, we investigate the existence of multiple positive solutions of the neutral partial difference equations on the base of the existed results of partial difference and difference equations, and obtain some sufficient conditions for the existence of multiple positive solutions.

第二章，基于已有的偏差分方程和差分方程的结果，我们研究了高阶非线性中立型偏差分方程多正解的存在性问题，建立了判断多正解存在的充分条件，对前人的结果进行推广。

The uniform approximation of normal wavelet neural network and the robust analysis of wavelet neural networks of the combination of Sigmoid function are detailedly introduction; Multiple model failure detection based on wavelet neural network is demonstrated detailedly; At last, the failure diagnosis results of aerocraft is present seperately by employing wavelet neural network and BP neural network, and the fault diagnosis of areocraft system by wavelet neural network is achieved.

论文以小波神经网络为研究对象，提出了一类新的加权小波基，分析证明了加权小波基的诸多良好特性；对于常见小波神经网络的一致逼近特性、S型函数组合小波神经网络的鲁棒性分析、多模型小波神经网络的故障检测等问题给出了详细的论证；最后，针对歼击机的常见故障问题，分别给出了应用小波神经网络和BP神经网络的故障诊断结果，实现了小波神经网络对飞机系统的故障诊断。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

Objective Machado-Joseph disease/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of polyglutamine tract near the C-terminus of the MJD1 gene product, ataxin-3. The precise mechanism of the MJD/SCA3 pathogenesis remains unclear.

目的 马查多-约瑟夫病/脊髓小脑共济失调3型，是由 MJD1基因产物ataxin-3的C-末端的多聚谷氨酰胺发生重复扩展突变而引起的一种常染色体显性遗传的神经退行性疾病，目前它的发病机制还不清楚。

This paper pointed out that the essential of geoherbs is continuers quantities variation at population level, geoherb's populations are different in gene frequency with the others'; geohersm are quantitative trait loci controlled by multi-gene or combination with multiple-gene and major gene at individual level.

指出道地性的遗传本质在居群水平通常是个量变的过程，它与种内其他非道地药材区别主要表现为居群内基因型频率的改变；在个体水平表现为微效多基因控制的数量遗传，或是微效多基因和主基因联合控制的数量性状。

It is shown that PTDT is a robust and valid approach for mapping QTL of threshold traits. Moreover, PTDT is powerful for marker with multiple alleles and multiple tightly linked markers, too. From the results of simulation on quantitative traits, following conclusions can be derived.

结果表明：(1)PTDT是一个稳健的QTL定位分析方法，在各种参数组合下，其假阳性概率(1型错误)都在设定的显著性水平附近；(2)PTDT不仅可以检测到效应较大的QTL，而且对效应较小的QTL检验功效依然很高；(3)对各种状态1发生率的阈性状PTDT检验功效也很高；(4)对利用多等位基因标记、多个紧密连锁的标记的QTL定位，PTDT依然是一个高效方法。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。