多型性

The results indicated that:The multi\|locus DNA fingerprint with a new synthesized probe\|JL\|02,has enough polymerism and good stability,and should be very useful to monitor the chimerism in different tissues of ES cell chimeric mouse and to check whether an ES cell line has the capacity to enter the germ line,especially when involving strains that can not be discerned with coat color or biochemical markers.

结果表明：采用新型的人工合成的寡核苷酸多聚体探针(JL-02探针)的多位点DNA指纹图谱，具有足够的多态性和很好的稳定性。适用于鉴定ES细胞在嵌合体小鼠各种组织器官中的嵌合情况，也适用于鉴定ES细胞是否具有种系嵌合能力，尤其适用于在嵌合体研究中，最适宜的品种组合具有相同的毛色或相同的酶型。

Aim: To set up the methods of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers for human ABO blood group, HAB secretor status and MN blood group genotyping and study the polymorphism of ABO blood group genes, HAB secretor status genes in part of Han population in Chinese and MN blood group genes in random blood donors and study the application of ABO genotyping in clinical transfusion and genetics.

目的：采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物扩增基因定型方法，对ABO血型、HAB分泌型和MN血型系统基因定型，研究ABO血型、HAB分泌型和MN血型基因多态性分布特征及ABO血型基因定型在临床输血、遗传分析中的应用。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

In the paper the phenotype freguencies of the EAP,ADA and AK1 have been investigated by the emthod of typing of EAP-ADA-AK on the samemixed starch／agarose gel electrophresis among 3 nationalities in Inner Mongolia.(Oroqen,Ewenki and Dawuor.) The distribution of their typy frequencies varied with races.

用同步电泳分型的方法，对中国内蒙古鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、达斡尔族人506份血痕红细胞酶EAP、ADA、AK1遗传多态性进行了研究，被调查群体中均未检出上述三种酶型的变异型。

METHODS Genotypes of HCV were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5' untranslated regions of different HCVs.

采用限制性长度多态性分析法对采自西安地区的 4 6份和郑州地区的 4 0份 HCVRNA阳性标本进行 HCV基因型分型研究。

Another area that remains to be explored is the relevance of human heart chymase gene in any effects on coronary heart disease.

CMA G1903A基因多态性与冠心病及冠状动脉病变程度无关，但可能与血脂和肥胖有关：AG型可能是肥胖发生的危险因素，而AA型可能是高脂血症的保护因子。

Haplotype 1112 (of single nucleotide polymorphisms 44, 43, 56, and 63) was associated with increased IMT, while haplotype 1221 was associated with decreased IMT.

单倍型1112（属单核苷酸多态性44，43，56和63）与IMT增加有关，而单倍型1221与IMT减小有关。

Notably, compounds 12–14 can be described as a 3D open–framework with nano–channels, compound 15 can be described as a 3D open–framework with double helical channels, while compound 16 can be described as a 3D heterochiral coordination polymer with double helical channels, which can be obtained by spontaneous resolution from the racemic phosphonic acid.X–ray powder diffraction analysis shows that compound 16 is a pure phase. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of compound 16 indicates that it possesses positive SPV response in the range of 300–600 nm and shows p–type semiconductor characteristic.

值得注意的是，化合物12-14为具有一维纳米孔道结构的三维开放骨架结构，化合物15是具有双螺旋孔道的三维开放骨架结构，而化合物16是外消旋的有机膦酸配体通过自发拆分而形成的具有双螺旋孔道的多手性三维开放骨架结构。X-射线粉末衍射分析表明化合物16为纯相；化合物16的表面光电压光谱分析中，在300-600nm范围内有3个正的光(来源：ABC论文12网www.abclunwen.com)伏响应带，表明它具有p型半导体的特征；化合物16的诱导表面光电压谱进一步确定它的p型半导体的特征；磁性研究表明，化合物16中两Mn原子之间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。

To study genetic mutations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and cystathioinine-β-synthase T833C related to homocysteine metabolism in patients with ischemic stroke, the MTHFR gene C677T gene mutation and the CBS T833C gene mutation were detected by PCR-RFLP or ARMS method in 74 patients with ischemic stroke and 83 normal people for control. Results showed that the frequencies of MTHFR genet homogenetic type(2.7%), heterogenetic type(51.4%) and T allele(28.4%) in ischemic group were higher than those in control group(1.2%, 39.8% and 21.1%, respectively).

为研究同型半胱氨酸代谢相关酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T和胱硫醚-β合成酶基因T833C位点碱基突变与缺血性脑卒中的关系，对74例缺血性脑卒中患者和83例健康对照者，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术检测MTHFR基因C677T基因型，用扩增阻滞突变体系法检测CBS基因T833C突变。

Rep-PCR method was used to conduct cluster analysis to the 39 bacterial isolates. rep-PCR analysis revealed that the 39 bacterial isolates could be divided into 12 clusters at the 0.9 dissimilarity percentage level. The 39 bacterial isolates had their own specific band patterns, showing obvious genomic heterogenicity and rich genotypic polymorphism genetic diversity between each isolate.

采用rep-PCR技术对39个细菌分离株进行聚类分析，在rep-PCR图谱的相异百分数为0.9的水平上被聚类为12个类群，39个分离株各自具有独特的带型，说明各细菌分离株的基因组之间存在显著异质性，表现出丰富的基因型多态性。

Recall that, in the Kolmogorov axiomatization, measurable sets are the sets which have a probability or, in other words, the sets corresponding to yes/no questions that have a probabilistic answer.

延期开工的Kolmogorov宣布要衡量所有套职能有限许多坐标限制在于衡量子寅。换句话说，如果是/否的问题回答f可看的价值观念在许多最有限坐标，然后它有一个概率的答案。

The experimental results showed that the algorithm can filter singular points and remain fixity of the target edge.

实验表明：基于模糊理论的图像智能滤波方法比常规图像滤波方法运算量小，它既能去除奇异点，又能保持图像中目标的边缘不变性，具有很好的滤波效果。