多型性

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

In all 22 loci detected, 18 and 11 loci are polymorphic between and within cultivar, respectively.

所使用的SSR分子标记共可侦测到21个基因座，其中有18个基因座在品种间表现多型性，有11个基因座在品种内表现多型性。

Here we report a case of herpes simplex virus-associated recurrent erythema multiforme.

在此我们报告－单纯性疱疹病毒导致反覆性多型性红斑的病例。

In the second part, in order to compare the effect of function of different SNPs, we use functional assay to detect the LUM under the condition of site-directed mutation. Moreover, since MAP kinase pathway is important in survival and apoptosis of cells, we use luciferase reporter assay to detect the influences of the transcription of LUM in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

本研究的第二部分在探讨这些基因多型性的功能，这是以表现型功能性质体的作用，藉由各种不同基因多型性在其中的表现，来比较这些不同的基因变异是否会有功能上的改变，及比较其造成改变的强弱。

The polytype of crystolon occuring in the South of LIAO NING diamond deposit has been analyzed and identified with convergent beam electron diffraction.

采用会聚束电子衍射的方法对我国辽南金伯利岩中的碳化硅矿物多型性进行了分析鉴定，通过对其结构的分析以及HOLZ环半径的计算，发现了6H以及4H两种多型。

The formation mechanism of the screw structures on the surfaces of polytype crystals is discussed according to the theoretical model of anionic coordination polyhedron growth units.

本文用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型讨论了多型性晶体表面螺旋结构的形成，提出在多型性晶体中配位多面体呈层状分布，配位多面体的面为层的边界，上、下层负离子配位多面体不是呈镜象对称的，在三方晶系和六方晶系的晶体中是沿晶轴a、b错开，上、下两层负离子配位多面体体呈交叉对应，从而达到稳定平衡。

Collectively, subjects with the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype were more prone to CRC and reflected the possibility that exposure to HCAs may contribute to CRC development in Taiwan, especially in Taiwanese women.

总之，NAT2之基因多型性之分析结果发现，台湾人具有NAT2 快速代谢基因型者较容易罹患大肠直肠癌。并可推测异环胺类（heterocyclic amines， HCAs）之暴露可能参与台湾大肠直肠癌之形成，特别是台湾妇女族群。

ITS2 and M8 DNA sequences with large variations were screened out of twelve DNA fragments (four nuclear, four chloroplastic and four mitochondrial) to identify tea varieties in Taiwan.

本研究由4个细胞核及8个细胞质（含4个叶绿体及4个粒线体）序列变异较大之片段筛选出具较大序列变异性之ITS2及M8片段，目前开发出ITS2序列与粒线体部分序列，其中品种间ITS2具有33个单一核苷酸多型性，而品种间之M8具有5个核苷酸缺失/插入及2个单一核苷酸多型性。

Results There was not specificity of clinical symptoms in liposarcoma of the orbit, the major clinical aspects were intraorbital occupied lesion and local hyperaemia,swell and pain which was similar to an acute inflammation. Four different subtypes of liposarcomas could be observed in orbit.In past literature,myxoid was the most common subtype（14 cases,70%）,secondly subtype was well differentiated（3 case）,round cell and pleomorphic subtype were rare（each 1 case）.This case was well differentiated mixed component of round and pleomorphic lipoblasts.

结果：脂肪肉瘤临床表现为眶内占位和貌似急性炎症的局部红、肿、痛，无特征性的症状；病理分型4型，文献中报道以粘液样型最多见（14例，占70%）；次为分化良好型，3例；圆形细胞为主型及多型性各1例；分型不详2例；本例为分化良好型为主伴有圆形脂母细胞及多型性脂母细胞成分。

We have sequenced the coding region of Cx26 gene from 190 Taiwanese patients with prelingual deafness and 120 unrelated normal individuals. In the deaf patients, three mutations were found: missense mutation, 551G to A and deletion, 235delC and 299-300delAT.

收集120位听力正常人及190位听障孩童对Cx26基因进行多型性比对发现有5种多型性，其中有4种多型性是之前已被发表的：79G→A(V27I)、109G→A(V37I)、341A→G(E114G)及608T→C(I203T)，另发现有一个新的多型性(558G→A)。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。