多化的

A photoresist composition including a polymer is disclosed, wherein the polymer includes at least one monomer having the formula: wherein, R1 is selected from H, linear, branched or circular alkyl with 1-20 carton atoms, linear, branched or circular alkyl with 1-20 C atom, which is perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated; and CN; R2 is alicyclic group with 5 or more carbon atoms; X is selected from methylene, aether, ester, amide and the connecting part of the carbonate; R3 is linear or branched alkylene with one or more carbon atoms or perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated linear or branched alkylene; R4 is selected from H, CH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F and perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated aliphatic group; R5 is selected from the CF3, CHF2, CH2F and perfluorinated or semi-perfluorinated substituted and unsubstituted aliphatic group; n is 1 or higher integer; OR12 is OH or at least an acid unstable group selected from the tert-alkyl carbonate, tert-alkyl ester, tert-alkyl aether, acetal and ketal.

本发明公开了一种包含一种聚合物的光刻胶组合物，该聚合物包括至少一种具有下列结构的单体：其中，R 1 选自氢、具有1～20个碳原子的线形、支化或环状烷基、半氟化或全氟化的具有1～20个碳原子的线形、支化或环状烷基、以及CN；R 2 为具有5个或更多个碳原子的脂环基团；X为选自亚甲基、醚、酯、酰胺和碳酸酯的连接部分；R 3 为具有1个或多个碳原子的线形或支化亚烷基或者半氟化或全氟化的线形或支化亚烷基；R 4 选自氢、甲基(CH 3 )、三氟甲基(CF 3 )、二氟甲基(CHF 2 )、氟代甲基(CH 2 F)、以及半氟化或全氟化的脂族基团；R 5 选自三氟甲基(CF 3 )、二氟甲基(CHF 2 )、氟代甲基(CH 2 F)、以及半氟化或全氟化的取代或未取代的脂族基团；n为1或更大的整数；OR 12 为OH或者选自叔烷基碳酸酯、叔烷基酯、叔烷基醚、缩醛和缩酮的至少一种酸不稳定基团。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The intrinsic viscosity and the radius of gyration of HPb were lower than that of its linear analog.

通过用多检测GPC（GPC与激光光散射、毛细管粘度计等检测手段联用）表征超支化聚氨酯及具有类似结构的线性聚合物，得到超支化聚氨酯HPb的结构因子ε为1.41，说明其具有高度支化的结构，特性粘数和均方旋转半径比相应线性聚氨酯小得多。

On the design of algorithms, a novel exact hierarchical delay analysis method for general circuits is proposed; based on the sensitization theorem for sequential circuits, an exact minimizing clocking method is proposed; based on Boolean process, a waveform simulation method considering interconnecting delay for logic circuit and a parallel waveform simulation method are proposed; a new method that transforms bit-level waveform polynomial to word-level polynomial model is proposed; a multiple valued synthesis algorithm based on multiple valued Boolean process and a wire-centered delay synthesis policy are proposed, in which timing planning, floorplanning, wire planning and optimal clock skew in early design are considered; a two-layers channel routing method for minimizing crosstalk under grid mode is proposed; based on the transition numbers theorems for waveform polynomial, a new method for generation of test with noise effects is proposed.

算法设计方面，提出了一种精确的通用电路层次化延时分析方法；基于时序电路的敏化定理提出时序电路最小时钟周期精确确定方法；提出基于Boolean过程论的考虑互连延迟的逻辑电路波形模拟方法，在分析了波形模拟适合并行化基础上，进一步提出一种并行波形模拟算法；提出一种将位级电路波形多项式描述转化成字级多项式描述的新方法；提出一种基于多值Boolean过程的多值电路综合算法以及一种将前期设计定时规划、前期设计的布局规划和线网结构化方法及低偏移的时钟分配等技术相结合的面向互连延时的综合策略；提出一种串绕最小化的网格模式下的双层通道布线方法；从波形多项式描述跳变数的定理出发提出了一种考虑噪声效应的测试生成新方法。

In addition, an experimental system using C language is established, including modules such as representation of waveform polynomial, decision of path senstization, delay computing, clocking based on single-period sensitization, clocking based on multi-period sensitization, test generation considering noise and transformation from bit-level waveform polynomial to word-level polynomial model. They respectively used to test models and techniques proposed in this paper.

另外，：基于C语言本人设计开发了一个实验软件系统，该系统包括波形多J一贞式表示模块、敏化通路判定模块、延时计算模块、单周期敏化的最小时钟周期精确确定模块、多周期敏化的最小时钟周期确定方法模块、考虑噪声的测试生成模块和位级波形多项式描述转化成字级多项式描述模块，分别用于对本文各章中提出的自动化设计的模型和方法进行实验验证。

The chapter two was focused on the samarium diiodide promoted organic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis, firstly, a new synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes from a,β-alkynone promoted by samarium diiodide was investigated and the highly substituted cyclopentadienes were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Secondly, the Michael addition and Michael-aldol tandem reaction of diorganyl diselenides or diorganyl disulfides with α,β-alkynones mediated by samarium diiodide were studied and a series of alkenylsulfides and alkenylselenides were prepared in good yields. Then the highly regioselecfive nucleophilic addition of the allylsamarium bromide to α,β-alkynones were explored. We found that the allylsamarium bromide reacts with α,β-alkynones to afford regiospecificly 1. 2-nucleophilic addition products in good yields under mild condition. At last we studied the coupling reaction of aryl halides promoted by NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓.

第二章 研究了二碘化钐、金属钐促进的有机反应：1、二碘化钐促进下α，β-炔基酮的偶联环化反应，提供了一种制备多取代环戊二烯的新方法；2、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮的Michael加成反应，为高产率地制备多取代的烯基硫或烯基硒化合物提供了方便可靠的新方法；3、二碘化钐促进下的二硫醚、二硒醚与α，β-炔基酮和醛、酮的Michael—aldol串联反应，提供了一种一锅法高产率地制备多取代的含硫的烯丙基醇或含硒的烯丙基醇类化合物的方便可靠的原子经济性的新方法；4、烯丙基溴化钐与α，β-炔基酮的高度区域选择性的1，2-亲核加成反应；5、NiCl〓/PPh〓/Sm〓促进的卤代芳烃的偶联反应-一种从各种卤代芳烃制备联苯类化合物的有效方法。

Based on the geological background , ore?deposit and structural geology, the paper analyzed the geological character istics and metallogenic mechanism of the gold deposit and suggests that the deposit occurring in the limestone and metamorphic siliceous rocks in the third litholog ic unit of Devonian Tuokesalei formation is controlled by the Duolanasayi shear zone characteristic of secondary shear deformation, mineralizaion and multiphased vei n mineralization?.

笔者从地质背景、矿床地质，以及控矿构造分析了多拉纳萨依金矿矿床特征及其成矿机理；明确了矿床产于泥盆系托克萨雷组第三岩性段的灰岩－浅变质－硅质岩系，受控于多拉纳萨依韧性剪切带；控矿构造具有二次韧性剪切变形、矿化和多期次脉体矿化的特征，显示出构造活动的多期次性与复杂性，阐明了构造期次与矿化之间的关系。？

In order to utilize lignin effectively, base on the situation in China, the study was carried on systematically, centering around the topic of two step sulfomethylation of the soda lignin of wheat straw (the first step is methylolation, the second is sulfonation) and its application. The main purpose is to develop a heterogeneous catalytic system which not only catalyzes but also homogenizes the lignin molecule in the reaction.

为真正高效利用碱木素，木论文根据我国实情，紧紧围绕着麦草碱木素两步磺甲基化（第一步为羟甲基化，第二步为磺化）及其应用这一主题，以开发出在反应过程中既可催化反应又能使木素分子均一化的多相催化体系为主要目标，系统地展开了研究。

Not only lead, but cadium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl, and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants are limited as well.

不仅带领，但是cadium、水银、六价的铬、多溴化的联苯和多溴化的二苯基以太火焰阻化剂被限制。

Macaronis is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green.

机电一体化是机械、微、控制、机、信息处理等多学科的交叉融合，其发展和进步有赖于相关技术的进步与发展，其主要发展方向有数字化、智能化、模块化、化、人性化、微型化、集成化、带源化和绿色化。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失