多分散的

In the course of the discovery of knowledge and the getting together of scattered knowledge, the competition is like a convex mirror. By trying errors in the competition, comparing and imitating, those scattered knowledge that can get more people support and approved common knowledge can survive at last and become the coordinate rules that help people associate. These rules not only reflect in the customs formation, but also reflect in the course of government competition.

在知识的发现和分散知识的聚合过程中，竞争就是一个聚焦的凸面镜，通过竞争中的试错、比较和模仿，分散的知识中那些能获得更多人支持和认可的共同知识最终得以幸存下来成为协调人们交往的规则，这一规律不仅体现在由个人互动形成习俗的过程中，也体现在政府竞争的过程中。

The Scheutjens - Fleer model on monodisperse polymer adsorption was extended to the situation of polydisperse polymer adsorption by the method of seeking the extremum of the partition function constructed for the system.

采用构作配分函数而后求极值的方法，将Scheutjens-Fleer模型推广到多分散高分子吸附情形，并采用适当的计算方法，解决了长期以来人们难以解决的多分散高分子模型计算上的困难，研究了固液界面区域多分散高分子的微观吸附行为、多分散指数对吸附层性质的影响以及各种微观构象的链段大小的几率分布。

Fieldbus is one of the focuses of the current technical development in automatic field. Fieldbus is whole scattered, intelligent, bidirectional, interconnected, multivariable and multipoint communication network which is used between local meter, control system and control room. And it is called as computer local network in automation domain.

现场总线是当今自动化领域技术发展的热点之一，它是用于现场仪表与控制系统和控制室之间的一种全分散、全数字化、智能、双向、互联、多变量、多点、多站的通信网络，被誉为自动化领域的计算机局域网。

As the integrated product of computer technology, communication technology, instrument technology, and control technology, Fieldbus is one of the focuses of the current technical development in automatic field, Fieldbus is whole scattered, intelligent, bi-directional, interconnected, multivariable and multipoint communication network which connects intelligent working equipment with automatic system.

现场总线作为计算机技术、通信技术、仪表技术以及控制技术高度集成与综合的产物。已成为当今自动化领域技术发展的热点之一。它是连接智能现场设备和自动化系统的全分散、数字式、双向、多变量、多点、多站的通信网络。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

Based on a simple cluster theory recently proposed for the dilute solution viscosity of monodisperse polymer, the concentration-dependence of dilute solution viscosity of polydisperse polymer was investigated.

依据最近提出的关于单分散高分子的稀溶液粘度的团簇理论，对多分散高分子的稀溶液粘度的浓度依赖性进行了更新的理论分析。

The results show that the penetration ratio decreases with increase of filtration velocity, the range of the most penetrating particle size is in the range of 0.15～0.20 μm, the effect of aerosol concentration on the filtration efficiency is ignore for monodisperse, the filtration efficiency of each step on multilayer is different from others for polydisperse.

研究结果表明：用玻璃纤维膜过滤清除气溶胶团粒时，对粒径在 0 15～ 0 。2 0 μm之间的团粒较难清除；透过率随流速的增加而增加；单分散气溶胶团粒浓度变化对过滤效率的影响可忽略不计；多级过滤时，各单级过滤效率差异受多分散气溶胶的影响较大。

By means of Tyndall effect, electron microscope and ultrafiltration, it was found that the catalyst dispersed in toluene solution existing as colloidal particle sizes was from 1nm to 100 nm. The catalyst belonged to highly dispersed polyphase catalytic system.

通过Tyndall效应、电镜观察和超过滤实验，证明了V3-Al2Cl催化体系在溶有丁二烯的甲苯溶剂中以小颗粒分散，粒径在1～100 nm之间，为胶体催化剂，属于高度分散的多相催化体系。

By means of Tyndall effect,electron microscope and ultrafiltration it is found that the catalyst dispersing in butadiene-hydrogasoline solution exists in little particle form and that the particle sizes are from to 100mm.

通过Tyndall效应、电镜观察和超过滤实验，证明镍催化体系在溶有丁二烯的加氢汽油中以小颗粒分散，粒径在1～100nm之间，为胶体催化剂，属于高度分散的多相催化体系。

By Tyndall effect, electronic microscopic and super-filtering experiments, it was proved that V3-Al2Cl catalyst is a colloidal catalyst in butadiene-containing toluene solvent, which belongs to a multiphase catalyst. The diameters of the catalytic particles are from 1 nm to 100 nm, and the active sites are on the surface of the amorphous colloidal particles.

通过Tyndall效应、电镜观察和超过滤实验，证明了在溶有丁二烯的甲苯溶剂中V3-Al2Cl催化体系以小颗粒分散，粒径在1～100 nm之间，为胶体催化剂，属于高度分散的多相催化体系。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷