多函数

We also give the theoretical error result of antithetic variable Monte Carlo method for multi-variable functions whose degree is no more than two.

对次数不高于2的多变量函数，AMC方法其误差阶是O，但其系数比原始蒙特卡罗积分方法的误差阶的系数小。

Convert relationship of prototype robot joint angle and equivalent model joint angle is presented based on the method of kinematics inverse solution. The Jacobian algorithm of redundant robot for achieving effective joint excursion is studied, which is fit for digital calculating. The grads projection algorithm of redundant robot multi optimizing capability function's proportion factor is deduced. The issues of apery arm robot singularity and joint self-movement are researched. The simulation experiment result of apery arm joint self-movement and line movement is presented.

因为七自由度拟人手臂机器人的建模比较困难，采用了在等效模型下求解其运动学逆解的方法，给出了原机器人机构关节角与等效模型关节角之间的转换关系；提出了一种适于数值计算的有效的求解有关节偏置的冗余度机器人Jacobian的算法，并在此基础上推导了冗余度机器人多优化性能指标函数的均衡比例因子梯度投影算法；研究了拟人手臂机器人的奇异问题和关节自运动问题；给出了拟人手臂进行关节自运动和进行直线轨迹跟踪的仿真实验结果。

As substitute for fluorite lens, a double-layer DOE is used in a long focal-length apochromatic objective lens. The modulation transfer function of this hybrid optical system is suggested for evaluating diffraction efficiency of the multilayer DOE. The results show the diffraction efficiency has a wide and symmetrical distribution in the whole waveband.

利用双层衍射光学元件替代萤石透镜校正混合光学系统的二级光谱，设计并制作了一套长焦距物镜，并利用系统调制传递函数评价了多层衍射光学元件衍射效率，测试结果表明衍射效率在整个设计波段内以较高的数值平均分布。

This method was applied to the dimensionality reduction of multidimensional time series via projection pursuit technique for fuzzy clustering. According to the results of the classification and the extraction of fuzzy rules through best value projection, three types of fuzzy membership function were generated using trapezoid distribution method. Then the sample's credit level was determined according to the fuzzy approximability in computation.

该方法利用投影寻踪技术对多维时间序列数据进行降维处理并进行模糊分类；根据分类结果和最佳投影值提取模糊规则，采用梯形分布法生成三个模糊隶属函数；最后根据计算模糊贴近度确定样本的信用级别。

A quantity that has a limit or boundary.The limit of this ratio as the length of the arc approaches zero.

微积分学数学的一个分支，处理单变量或多变量函数的极限、微分以及积分问题

Properties of the traction contacts are considered in detail,with particular attention to elastohydrodynamic lubrication and asperity contact.

TR的设计者们，目前模拟牵引力作为一个多维面，它们是自转、滚动、速度、压力、温度和滑动的函数。

Based on the theoretical calculation model for the structural information of metal melt, the main structural information, including relative concentration of active atoms, average diameter of the atomic clusters and the number of short-range atoms inside them, was achieved. Finally, by multiple non-linear fitting of experimental data, the function about viscosity and size of atomic clusters was established.

利用金属熔体结构信息的理论计算模型，得到该温度区间内铝熔体的主要结构信息，包括激活原子的相对浓度、原子集团的平均直径及其内部包含近程原子数等，最终通过实验数据的多次非线性拟合发现黏度与原子集团的尺寸之间存在函数关系。

Fourth, this study constructs economic growth convergence theoretical model for provincial economy in mainland China under considering the technical spillover, labor and capital mobility based on neo-classical economic growth theory and augmentative Cobb-Douglas production function. And the empirical research based on the data from mainland China presents more appealing results.

四、本研究基于新古典经济增长理论和扩展的柯布一道格拉斯生产函数，在考虑了技术溢出、劳动力和资本区域流动的基础上，构建了中国省域经济增长理论模型；并利用中国经济数据进行实证研究，得出较其它学者的研究结论更多的启示。

The examples indicate that the unkown line parameters can be estimated faster and more accurately with the proposed objective function and SPSO and the solving procedure relies less on the augmented jacobian matrix.

仿真算例表明：修正目标函数和SPSO算法能快速准确地估计线路参数，且可提高估计准确度和降低对量测系统参数可估计性的要求；取连续多次估计的均值，则可减小量测误差导致的参数估计偏差。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。