多函数

In the paper only the range of normal value and the description of frequency distribution are discussed. In theory the widely-used percentile method to determine the range of normal value is imperfected. Curve fitting method show some advantage in determining the range of normal value, but is difficult to calculate.

从理论上说明了现在常用的确定正常值范围的方法存在一定的问题，尤其证明了大家使用得比较多的百分位数法存在的缺陷，说明了曲线拟合法的优点，而在频数分布拟合完成之后，就已经找到了频数分布资料的理论分布曲线，有了理论分布函数，我们利用分布函数计算正常值范围就比较容易，也比较准确。

Based on agents capability of perceiving and reacting on environment, MultiAgent Genetic Algorithm was proposed as a new method of function optimization. MAGA had a rapid convergence velocity especially when it optimized superhigh dimensional functions.

多智能体遗传算法是基于智能体对环境感知与反作用的能力提出的一种新的函数优化方法，具有很快的收敛速度，尤其是在优化超高维函数时更显示出了它的优越性。

Error analysis and estimation of the second order extended state observer were done by noncontinuous piecewise Lyapunov function, and the system stability were proved by multiple Lyapunov function method.

利用非连续的分段Lyapunov函数进行二阶扩张状态观测器的误差分析与估计，并用多Lyapunov函数方法证明了系统的稳定性。

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

Based on the theory of nonequilibrium statistics and density operator equation, the generalized master characteristic function for the nonextensive reaction-diffusion systems affected by pressure is derived by equation satisfied by calculating the time variation of probability distribution function, where the pressure of the nonextensive systems is given in the framework of Tsallis statistics.

依据非平衡统计及密度算子方程，通过计算概率分布函数的时间变化，得到了非广延反应扩散系统在压力作用时其特征函数满足的广义主方程，其中非广延反应扩散系统的压力在Tsallis统计的框架下给出。与唯象理论中的主方程比较，新得到的方程不仅依赖于非广延参量q而且有更多的非线性项，因此更具有普遍性。

MethodsBy means of orthogonally rotational combination design, microwave extraction mathematical simulation model was concluded by the linear regression analysis.

响应面法是采用多元二次回归方程来拟合因素与响应值之间的函数关系，通过对函数响应面和等高线的分析，能够精确地研究各因子与响应值之间的关系，寻求最优工艺参数，解决多变量问题的一种统计方法［3］。

Meanwhile, comparative analysis indicates that the same weighting function will be produced between the proposed methods for motion error measurement and the ordinary frequency domain three-point method for straightness error measurement, and the homology and unitarily in nature will be confirmed.

权函数的对比分析表明：先行分离出运动误差的单信道或多信道二次相移数据重组法与先行分离出形状误差的普通频域三点法具有相同的权函数，它们在本质上具有同源性和统一性。

Based on the analysis of the Jahn-Teller effect, vibronic interaction and the resolution of group representations, the possible geometrical configurations of 〓 have been derived for the first time. The Gaussian-98 program has been used to optimize the geometrical configurations of 〓 based on B3LYP/6-311G method. It is found that there are at least six different stable geometrical configurations for 〓 The results show that the multiplicity of 2S＋1=7 for cluster 〓 is the most stable state among the eight geometry configurations.

基于多体项展式理论方法，研究得到了〓、HZrCo和〓三原子分子的分析势能函数，这些分析势能函数正确反映了它们的结构特点，可用于研究HZrCo、〓和〓的微观分子反应动力学。3从群的分解与直积理论出发，通过Jahn-Teller变形，vibronic相互作用以及群表示的分解的分析，首次导出了Jahn-Teller效应引起D〓和〓构型〓分子几何构型变化及其可能的电子状态。

Furthermore, a conjecture about the stability of the multi-adding-point error model is presented and some corollaries of the conjecture are proved.

摘要提出多综合点误差模型及其孤立部分传递函数的概念，得到了所有孤立部分传递函数都正实的充分必要条件，以此为基础，给出了关于系统稳定性充分条件的一个猜想，并证明了猜想的一些推论。

The foundation of arch dam usually is layer rock base, and the depths of the layer are small, it is common that several layer rock base contact with one layer element grid. According to the geometry relation and the property of shape function, a new element kind that includes 24 nodes has been proposed to dissect the dam and foundation effectively, whose shape function are independent. In fact the element can be looked as a hexahedron divided into five small hexahedrons. It can be simulate all kind of the condition of the base and the dam.

拱坝的地基一般是层状岩石地基，有的层厚度很小，这样就有多个岩层和坝体某层单元接触，本文根据岩基与坝体接触的几何关系，利用形函数的性质，提出24节点六面体层单元，这种单元实际上是将一个厚的六面体单元分成5个更薄的六面体单元而形成的，其形函数采用可以拆分的形式表达，因此可以方便地解决坝体单元的一、二、三、四个面与错动带接触的情况，可以模拟一、二、三、四个棱边与错动带接触的情况，还可以退化为12节点的四边形面单元，以及五面体层单元。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。