多元文化的

From this point, using intercultural communication theories, the present paper analyzes how the novel The Bonesetter's Daughter gives expression to Tan's view of multi-cultures. This paper also criticizes the theory of "culture integration " which has occupied main position in the literary criticism on the works of Chinese-American writers in order to emphasize that the idea of multi-cultures is actually the key to decode the text of The Bonesetter's Daughter and extract Tan's intention in her writings.

本文以此为切入点，借用跨文化交际理论分析作者在文本中透露出的多元文化观，继而澄清在一些评论美籍华裔作家作品的文章中经常出现的一个概念——"文化融合"，以强调多元文化观才是解读《接骨师之女》以及挖掘谭恩美小说创作主题思想的关键所在。

After lift curfew the "authoritarian- democracy" of political transformation process, the government pushes a series of political reform, the Taiwan politics enters the period of liberalism, democratization and ethnicism , the elections also affect the development of the party politics, changing the type of the Taiwan party politics, the political liberalism all reduced people to express their ideals cost in the meantime, as a result helped aborigines movements .The aborigines movements starts from aborigine society movement to aborigines' movements, till the movement of reconstruction of the subjective in each tribe, In such situation, the multiculturalism becomes the new direction of the Taiwanese aborigines policy.

研究结果发现随著解严后从「威权—民主」的政治转型过程，政府推动一连串政治改革，台湾政治进入自由化、民主化与族群化时期，各类选举也牵动政党政治的发展，改变台湾政党政治的型态，同时政治自由化均降低了人民表达其意识形态、观念、理想的成本，因而促成原住民族运动在内的政治、社会运动风潮，原住民运动历经从原住民社会运动到原住民族运动到各民族的主体重建运动等历程，就是在这样的政治发展情势与原住民族运动压力下，多元文化主义的原住民族政策就成为台湾原住民族政策的新方向。

In the exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism three basic attitudes facing pluralistic religions reality, pluralism showed rather a kind of cultural attitude than a kind of truth-claim.

在徘他主义、包容主义（indusivjs叫和多元主义三种面对多元宗教处境的基本观点中，多元主义更多的体现为一种文化态度，而不是某种真理宣称。

Today, with the arrival of new century and new era, human beings, on one hand, resurvey their relationship with the nature through profound self-reflections and reestablish the balance between human ecology and natural ecology to rebuild their broken homestead; on the other hand, the arrival of new era has made people much more cry for building a more humane and comprehensive ideal living environmental space that combines the current society form, culture connotation and life style.

今天，随着新世纪和新时代的来临，人类一方面在深刻的反省中重新审视自身与自然的关系，重新谋求建立人文生态与自然生态的平衡关系，以图重建已遭破坏的家园；另一方面，新时代的来临使人们更加迫切需要建立一个融当下社会形态、文化内涵、生活方式、面向未来的更具人性的、多元综合的理想生存环境空间，这是新时代赋予景观设计师责无旁贷的责任和义务。

However, political culture among villagers is multi-level and pluralistic, ranging from civil culture, traditional passivity and obedience to the culture of the rioter.

不过，目前村民的政治文化是分层的、多元的，既有公民文化、顺民文化，也有臣民文化，还有暴民文化。

Firstly, by means of the man'-free-and-overall-development theory of the Maxthium , the author analyzes the Personal Literary Creation and confirms its value and significance as follow:the first,the emergence of the Personal Literary Creation means the vanishment of the laberal alienation ,ie,the personal authors' writings are not only the make-a-living means but the spontaneous displays of the human wills;the second, the Personal Literary Creation confirms "everyone' free development is the condition of all the people's progress",the human-liberating ideals of Marxism,and realises the all-round respects and concerns of the literature to human' diversity and peculiarity. Secondly, standing at the point of the contemprory Chinese history, it is right the individually depressed history in China that makes the Personal Literary Creation as the historical nacessarity. The emergence of the Personal Liberory Creation makes up to the limitation of the traditional public and representitive writing, and makes a great progress to diversifying the multi-cultural pattern in 90's of the last century, expanding the literatural domain, and displaying the complicated human natures.

本文首先运用马克思关于人全面自由发展的理论对私人化写作进行分析和观照，肯定其存在的价值和意义：一是私人化写作的到来意味着劳动异化的消除，作家的创作活动成为生命意志的自由表现，由手段上升为目的本身二是吻合了马克思人类解放的理想"每个人的自由发展是一切人自由发展的条件"实现了文学对人的丰富性、多样性、独特性的全面关怀与尊重；其次立足于当代中国的历史语境，它的出现弥补了一直以来公共化、代言式写作独占文坛的局限，在丰富九十年代的多元文化格局，拓展文学探索和表现丰富复杂的人性深度方面是一个很大的进步。

This article consists of a three-chapter text, a brief instruction and an epilogue: achievements of the research on bel canto and thefolk singing as well as their relation in China were concluded briefly in the introduction. In chapter 1, the origin and characteristicsof bel canto and the folk singing, together with their fusion processin present China was illustratively revealed though historical review. In chapter 2, bel canto and the folk singing are analyzed in technical aspects like breath, vocalization, pronunciation, and resonancetogether with comparison on their similarities and differences.; Chapter three is concerned with the application of bel canto in folk singing and nationalization of bel canto as well as the feasibility oftheir fusion from technical aspect. Moreover, it is illustrated thatthe fusion of these two vocal arts in china not only conform to social development and mass aesthetic requirement, but also has great influence on the education and development of Chinese vocal arts. Epilogue is to express wishes to future Chinese vocal arts based on the trend of multi-culture fusion and innovation.

本文共由三章正文和简短的绪论及结语构成：绪论粗略总结国内关于美声唱法、民族唱法及二者关系的研究已有的成果；第一章尝试通过历史回顾直观展现美声唱法、民族唱法之由来、特性及二者在当代中国对话融合之进程；第二章侧重从呼吸、发声、吐字、共鸣等技巧层面分析美声唱法、民族唱法各自的技巧特点并比较二者之间的异同；第三章除着重探讨美声唱法的民族化、民族唱法的美声化及两者融合共促于技术层面之可行性外，更试图说明此二种声乐艺术的融合发展在中国当前不仅是符合社会发展趋势和大众审美要求，更将对中国声乐艺术的教育和发展具有重要影响；结语则就多元文化融合创新之大趋势表达对未来中国声乐艺术的希望。

Global culture is no homogeneous and monistic, which is a heterogeneous and pluralistic culture embracing the advanced cultures of various nations.

全球文化不是同质和一元文化，而是由各民族的先进文化所组成的多元的和异质文化。

It's an experimental creation period from "Boatman's Elegy" to "Sirius" during which the performance of poetry's perception and the knowing are not mature/Under the influence of the west modernism art, his poetry has been experienced from the new moon romantic to the modernism. It's his mature period from "Lotus's Association" to"Separates the Water Goddess of Mercy". During this time his poetry's intellectuality and sensibility tends to be mature. Through the reconsidering of the westernization, the poet starts to inaugurate a new sky, and the poetry displays a bright neoclassic principle characteristic, then penetrates into the traditional nationality culture;and the "Bestows on from Cercis chinensis" is the deepened time until now which the poet displays for all kinds of practical styles, which includes multiplex characteristic.In his poetry, the intellectuality blends with sensibility, the sensation combined with logos.

从《舟子的悲歌》到《天狼星》是诗人创作的实验期，这一时期诗歌的感性和知性的表现还不成熟，其间由于受西方现代主义艺术的影响，其诗歌经历了从新月浪漫派到现代主义的变化；从《莲的联想》到《隔水观音》是诗人创作的成熟期，这一时期诗歌的感性和知性表现趋于成熟，诗人通过对西化的反思开始&浪子回头&，诗歌表现出鲜明的新古典主义特征，进而深入到民族传统文化之中；而自《紫荆赋》至今是诗人创作的深化期，表现为兼容并蓄的写实风格，并具有多元取向的特征。

The different styles to worship God and Goddess in the Mazu Temples are interpreted to satisfy the desire of adorers. To know how inhabitants has cultivated and interacted with the settlements by tackling the origin, established site and time of Mazu Temples in Tainan. Especially on recent years, the belief in Mazu is transforming under the great changes on economy, society and culture. So there is a argument on the successive changes of orthodox Lu-erth-men Holy Mother Templeand the phenomenon to compete for which is the oldest Mazu Temple in Taiwan.

从妈祖庙配祀神与同祀神的供奉，可看出不同时期的信徒需求，也了解到作为一个结合神明与信徒之间关系的妈祖庙，具有沟通整合的多元弁遄F从妈祖庙创立的位置、时间及分香来源，可得到妈祖信仰与聚落开发的关系；随著经济、社会、文化的变迁，衍生出鹿耳门古庙「正统之争」及「开基」、「开台」的现象，可知悉近年来信徒为宣扬妈祖的灵验及争取正统地位，努力经营下的成果。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。