多倍体的

The research progress on synthetic allopolyploid including type, inducement method and utilization status in crop genetic improvement were summarized, and the feasibility and importance for using it to improve crop varieties were discussed. Finally, the existing problems in relevant researches were analyzed, and the future studies were prospected.

概述了近年来植物人工异源多倍体的研究进展，包括人工异源多倍体的类型、诱导方法及其在植物遗传改良中的应用现状，探讨了利用人工异源多倍体进行农作物品种遗传改良的可行性和重要性，并对相关研究中的问题进行了分析和展望。

There was also not any haploid metaphases (n=16 or 19) was detected in hybrids. However, about 1-2% metaphases observed in this study was allopolyploid. GISH proved that they was made up of haploid genomes of M. nobilis (n=16) and triploid genomes of C. farreri (n=57). GISH was also employed to detect different chromosome components and identify donor chromatin in hybrids between C. farreri♀×A.

但我们检测到了约1-2%异源多倍体的分裂相，GISH分析后发现这些分裂相是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体和多倍的栉孔扇贝染色体组成，比如论文中图示了一个异源四倍体的分裂相，它是由单倍的华贵栉孔扇贝的染色体(n=16)和三倍的栉孔扇贝染色体(3n=57)组成。

In some species there are diploid and polyploid varieties that look almost identical, though sometimes they may be referred to as separate species.

在一些同时具备二倍体和多倍体的物种中，虽然它们被认为是不同的独立物种，但它们的外形几乎是完全相同的。

Due to the causes such as polyploidy and self-incompatibility, the plants of Paspalum, with the greatest number of apomictic species, show much complex and various reproduction characteristics.

由于多倍体的存在及有性生殖的自交不亲和等原因，雀稗属植物表现出复杂多样的生殖特性，是禾本科中具备无融合生殖特性种类最多的属。

Polyploid breeding is an important approach for improving the output, quality and resistance of pineapple.

但目前菠萝多倍体的育种研究和应用较少，特别是人工诱导方面。

Due to the causes such as polyploidy and self-incompatibility,the plants ofPaspalum,with the greatest number of apomictic species,show much complex and various reproduction characteristics.

由于多倍体的存在及有性生殖的自交不亲和等原因，雀稗属植物表现出复杂多样的生殖特性，是禾本科中具备无融合生殖特性种类最多的属。

Using colchicine for the induction of polyploidy plants is one of the ways of artificial induction. Colchicine, root length and light were selected as the influencing factors to induce polyploidy Amorpha optimal with the root tip smeared, to explore the optimal induction conditions for polyploidy Amorpha optimal.

用秋水仙素对植物进行多倍体诱导是人工诱导的方法之一，为了探究诱导紫穗槐多倍体的最优化条件，选取秋水仙碱，根长以及光照情况3个影响因素，对紫穗槐根尖进行涂抹处理诱导多倍体。

In particular, the documentation of rapid and extensive non-Mendelian genetic and epigenetic changes that often accompany nascent polyploidy is revealing: the resulting non-additive and novel gene expression at global, regional and local levels, and timely restoration of meiotic chromosomal behavior towards bivalent pairing and disomic inheritance may ensure rapid establishment and stabilization as well as its long-term evolutionary success.

特别是，所发现的在多倍体形成初期，快速且大量产生的非孟德尔遗传变异和表观遗传变异为相关机理的探讨提供了重要的启示。不同尺度上的基因非加性表达以及染色体二价体联会和二体遗传方式的快速建立可能对新形成多倍体的早期稳定和长期进化优势都具有重要意义。

The paper summarized the principle of multiploid and the advantages of multiploid of medical plants application,summed up the common methods in artificial induction multiploid of medical plants and identification of chromosome doublings,brought forward a few key problems which should be paid attention in polyploid breeding of medical plants and its research prospect.

概述了多倍体的原理及药用植物多倍体的应用优势；总结了人工诱导染色体加倍的常用方法和染色体加倍的鉴定方法；并提出了药用植物多倍体在该领域中存在的问题及研究前景。

The result showed that: 1 Gill epithelium nucleus major-axis size, hemolymph nucleus diameter in the connective tissue of mantle and labial palps were significantly (P＜0.001) larger in triploids than in diploids, no significantly differences were found in rectum epithelium height between diploids and triploids.

另外，通过组织切片、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法比较了二倍体和三倍体太平洋牡蛎的几种组织器官的细胞大小、鳃的表面结构和鳃的超微结构，二倍体和四倍体精子的超微结构上的差异，旨在为更好的发展多倍体育种技术、探索多倍体的快速生长机制提供理论依据。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐