外表层

One hundred and fifteen species were identified, among which coastal eurythermic species were predominant, showing obvious characteristics of subtropical population fauna. The results showed that the average abundance of phytoplankton in Shacheng Harbour was 3113.24 ind·L-1. The abundance was higher in the inner bay than that in the outer bay in horizontal distribution. The surface abundance was a little higher, but there was no significant gradient in different water layers in vertical distribution. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index were 2.390, 2.650, 0.726 and 0.306, respectively.

结果表明，该次调查共出现浮游植物115种，种类以沿岸广温广盐性种为主，并呈现较为明显的亚热带海湾种群区系特征，浮游植物的平均丰度为3 113.24 ind·L-1；水平分布上，呈内湾高于外湾的格局；垂直分布上，表层丰度略高，不同水层的分布梯度不明显；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数分别为2.390、2.650、0.726、0.306。

They both tend to consider issues on esthetics in conformity between self and nature and in contradiction between ego and nonego, and put the understanding of "natural Tao"as "culture in nature"into the literary form as "culture in human", so as to regard nature as a supreme esthetical idea.

通过形态学研究视野和主题学研究视野对道家自然美学文艺形态进行观照，我们认为，道家对人文的诠释虽在表层上不尽相同，然其终极的入思方式和深层的心理蕴涵都是一致的，都是在本心与自然同化、本性与外物对立的思维模式中思考美学问题的，都把对作为&天文&的&自然之道&的理解渗入到对作为&人文&的文艺形态之中，从而将本真未凿视为一种至高无上的审美理想。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

Under action of wind in same direction with flood and for the reason of surface stress, the whole salinity both in surface layer and bottom layer are increase a little, while, the practical cases in estuary are complicated, and the existence of wind may effect on the distributaries between groove and shoal, so exceptions will be natural.

较宽阔的外海区，其表层盐度增加，底层由于垂向风生环流的作用，也会出现盐度减小的情况。

Besides various interferences, the wave front diffusion, the ground absorption and the attenuation are all the causes of a weak seismic reflection and, plus the complicated superficial geologic setting and the reservoir bed features of low amplitude, low porosity and low permeability of the compacted thin detrital rock in HJQ, the conventional seismic amplitude fidelities do not meet the criteria of the seismic inversion.

除各种干扰外，地震波传播过程中的波前扩散、大地吸收、衰减等使地震反射能量变弱，加之杭锦旗地区复杂的表层地质条件和低幅、低孔、低渗致密性薄层碎屑岩的储层特点，使常规保幅地震资料离地震反演的要求还有差距，并且反演技术本身不具备噪音识别功能，包含噪音的反演必然会影响地质效果。

The classification of acidification indices about the tested the litchi orchard soil: the first class was soil intensity index of exchangeable aciditypH(KCl, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable aluminium, titratable acidity, actual acidification velocity , cation exchange capacity or electrical conductivity; the second class was soil exchangeable Ca2+, total base or base saturation percentage; The third class was soil intensity index of active aciditypH

采用第一类酸化指标，pH2.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的酸化；采用第二类酸化指标，除pH2.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的酸化外，pH3.5的酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤的表层土壤酸化；采用第三类酸化指标，pH≤4.5酸雨淋溶引起了供试土壤不同程度的酸化。

Detailed study indicates that this kind of micrini-tes, in fact, is typical fungus megaspores that are distributed widely in modernarid and semiarid steppe areas of northern China.

通过对我国各地130余块表层土壤样品的分析，发现了多种类型的真菌孢子，其中有一类大孢子(大小100-350μm，外壁厚5-10μm以上)与在黄土地层及红粘土层中发现的带尾的微球粒形态是一致的，进一步研究认为这种微球粒实际上是一类分布在我国北方干旱、半干旱草原区的真菌大孢子。

Results show that as a whole the region is quite good in soil environment quality, except for Wushan and Fengjie districts, where high Cr and Ni background values have led to existence of a certain area of Grade Ⅱ soils. Over 90% of the soils are in Grade Ⅰ in terms of As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. Artificial pollution is local and limited in area. For instance, spots of Hg pollution are found only in the vicinity of residential settlements, factories and minings.

结果表明：三峡库区区域土壤环境质量总体上较好，除巫山、奉节地区Cr、Ni自然高背景导致存在一定量的区域性二类土外，表层土壤中As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等元素一类土占全区面积均在90%以上，仅存在局部性人为污染，如Hg在城镇、厂矿等地的点状污染；不存在区域性的人为污染。

But the reasons for the dilemma of the utterance are complicated. Apart from failure to be accustomed to the local cultural environment and the ideological rejection at the surface level, there have also been such reasons as the limit of the utterers' deep-structure thinking mode and their loss of epistemological principles so that the debates on cognitive perspectives have given way to the struggle of ideologies.

但造成&主义&本土言说困境的因由，除表层的文化水土不服、意识形态的挤兑之类外，更有言说者深层的思维方式局限和认识论原则丧失的原因，这使得认知视角的论争让位于意识形态的角力。

The activities are high in the topsoil and low in the subsoil, decrease from rhizoplane soil to root-free soil for all three enzymes.

从表层土向下，由根表土向外，碳矿化速率及其相关的各种酶活性均呈下降趋势。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。