外表层

In order to void sulphur corrosion of steel surface layer when it is heated,in addition to more requirement of material surface quality,this paper gives some measure that alkyne gas of producer is given a desulfidation process by controlling the atmosphere in the producer and that use the alkyne of low sulphur and without smoke as row material.

为避免加热时对钢表层的硫腐蚀，除对材料表面质量提出了进一步的要求外，还提出了采用可控气氛，对发生炉煤气进行脱硫处理及使用低硫无烟煤作发生炉煤气的原料等解决措施。

Thermal oxidation treatment can increase the surface hardness and elastic modulus significantly and reduce the E /H ratio of the TC4, which indicate the treatment can enhance the wear resistance of TC4 alloy. Long time treatment can increase the thickness of the oxide layer, but the outside layer is apt to desquamate during the scratching. The oxide layer closing to substrate has better bonding properties, but microcrack forms as a result of high stress loading, which lead the layer to flake off completely.

长时间的高温氧化可以增加氧化层的厚度，但在划擦过程中氧化层发生两次脱落，表明氧化层由外表层和次外层组成，外层结合力差，易发生一次脆性剥落，内层与基体的结合强度较高，但在较大载荷作用下会产生微裂纹，导致氧化层的二次剥落。

The results are as following: The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, As and Hg were 0.57 7.37 l.89 0.18 36.99 l.57 0.018μgL^(-1) in the seawater, respectively. They are 30.11、30.62、32.61、0.106、68.56、2.48、0.027×10^(-6) in the sediment, respectively. Except Zn, other heavy metals are determined in the organisms. The concentrations of heavy metals are more in razor clam than in the mullet.

结果表明，表层海水中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、AS和Hg的平均浓度分别为0.57、7.37、1.89、0.18、36.99、1.57、0.018μgL^(-1)；表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、A，和Hg的浓度分别为30.11、30.62、32.61、0.106、68.56、2.45、0.027×10^(-6)气生物体内除了鲻鱼中未检出Zn外，七种重金属在缢蛏、鲻鱼体内均有检出，且缢蛏中重金属含量明显高于鲻鱼体内重金属的含量。

But under some conditions the flake graphite can appear in the spheroidal graphite zone in the surface layer.

生产中发现，在某些条件下，已经实现了表层石墨球化的灰铸铁件的外表层又出现片状石墨。

The aerobic bacteria andtotal microorganism were the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter;Theactinomycetes was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter;The rhizospherefungi was the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter, the non-rhizosphere fungi was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter.The average microorganism"s R/Sof four seasons in Eucalyptus grandis plantation is 1.40,the aerobic bacteria"s averageR/S of four seasons is 1.40,the actinomyeetes"s average R/S of four seasons is 1.40,thefungi"s average R/S of four seasons is 1.41.The uprightness distribution rule ofrhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microorganism in Eucalyptus grandis plantationwere the same,the trend is surface layer(0-20cm)＞middle layer(20-40cm)＞underlayer(40-60cm).Compared with the amount of microorganism in 2004, the amount ofmicroorganism in 2006 had a definite drop.

好气性细菌及微生物总数量秋季最高、冬季最低；放线菌数量春季最高、冬季最低；真菌数量根系土壤秋季最高、冬季最低，根外土壤春季最高、冬季最低；巨桉人工林三大类微生物四季的平均R／S值1.40，好气性细菌四个季度平均R／S值1.40，放线菌四个季度平均R／S值1.40，真菌四个季度平均R／S值1.41；巨桉人工林两样地根系与根外土壤微生物垂直分布规律一致，土壤微生物三大类及微生物总数量的垂直变化总的趋势是表层(0～20cm)＞中层(20～40cm)＞下层(40～60cm)；相比较2004年土壤微生物数量，2006年三大类数量及微生物总数均有一定程度的下降。

The dynamic forces of geo-environmental changes are the gravitational force of celestial bodies, endogenetic force in the Earth, exogenetic force on the Earth surface and human activities.

地质环境变化的动力是地外天体引力、地球内动力、地球表层外动力和人类社会工程经济活动4种地质作用。

Descovered by microsurey, the small bulb formed by level cells which originate from scales by cutting is external origination. The level cells forms unrules large towers.whith have mound shapes, strick shapes and lobate shapes etc.

显微观察发现，小鳞茎的形成直接起源于扦插鳞片切口端近轴面的表层细胞，是外起源的，表层细胞分裂形成不规则的巨型突起，有丘状、棒状、叶状等。

Results the nipple surface blood was from central retinal artery,sieve plate former district,sieve plate district and postzone were from short posterior ciliary arteries.sieve plate postzone caliber was the thickest,the surface was the next,sieve plate prezone and sieve plate district were the smallest.conclusion the difference of blood capillary caliber in nipple prompts ischemic lesions occur easily in sieve plate prezone and sieve plate district.

结果 视乳头的血供除表层来自视网膜中央动脉外，其余筛板前区、筛板区和筛板后区主要来自睫状后短动脉。筛板后区口径最粗（7.3±1.4）μm，表层次之（6.2±1.3）μm，筛板前区及筛板区最细（4.9±0.7）μm，（5.0±0.8）μm。结论视乳头各层毛细血管口径不同，提示筛板前区及筛板区容易发生缺血性病变。

Contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb increased steadily in tree-rings from the heart-wood to sap-wood at both sites, reflecting the increase in the bio-availability in the Delta area during the past decades. Peaks in Cu, Zn, Ni and most obviously Cr and Pb, were found in rings formed after 1990. It was suggested that the recent increase of the heavy metals in soil and atmosphere in the Delta was the main source contributed to the elevation of the heavy metals in the pine rings.

结果表明：西樵山马尾松林地表层土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均超过其在广东省表层土壤环境背景值，鼎湖山马尾松林地表层土壤除Cd外其余重金属含量在背景值范围内；鼎湖山和西樵山马尾松木质部中Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb含量均呈现从心材到边材上升的分布格局，反映了珠江三角洲环境中可供植物利用的重金属在过去有了增加。

Contents of Cu,Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb increased steadily in tree-rings from the heart-wood to sap-wood at both sites, reflecting the increase in the bio-availability in the Delta area during the past decades. Peaks in Cu, Zn, Ni and most obviously Cr and Pb, were found in rings formed in the periods after 1990. It was suggested that the recent increase of the heavy metals in soil and atmosphere in the Delta be the main cause contributed to the elevation of the heavy metals in the pine rings.

结果表明：西樵山马尾松林地表层土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均超过其在广东省表层土壤环境背景值，鼎湖山马尾松林地表层土壤除Cd 外其余重金属含量在背景值范围内；鼎湖山和西樵山马尾松木质部中Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb含量均呈现从心材到边材上升的分布格局反映了珠江三角洲环境中可供植物利用的重金属在过去有了增加。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷