外膜

The tactile finger system in the operation is to grasp vessel ectoblastic or operation device, such as suturing needle, to inspect and modify the grasping force and exchange the end device, such as operation scissor or operation sword to achieve the operation of snipping and cutting, to rotate along its axis assisting 6 DOF motion of the robot and to keep the grasping force within 0-100gf and the rotation angle within 360°.

具有力感觉的手指系统在手术中的功能是夹持血管外膜或者是手术器械如缝合针等，进行夹持力的检测和调整；更换指端的手术器械，如手术剪或手术刀，以进行剪断和切割的操作；配合整个机器人六自由度运动的要求，指端器械绕自身轴线旋转；并且夹持力的调整范围是0~100gf，旋转的角度不超过360°。

Blood speckle noise in the IVUS image would affect the validity of edge detection badly. A temporal/spatial filtering method was used to preprocess the IVUS image to restrain the noise. Then a method to automatically detect the intima and ectoblastic edge of IVUS image was presented. This method is based on the active contour model and the contrast properties of IVUS image, which makes use of the Hopfield NN and simulated annealing algorithm.

为解决血管内超声图像中严重的血液斑点噪声影响边缘提取方法的有效性问题，采用一种时/空滤波方法对IVUS图像进行降噪预处理，基于活动轮廓模型和IVUS图像的边缘对比度特征量，利用Hopfield神经网络并结合模拟退火算法自动提取IVUS图像的冠脉血管壁内、外膜边缘。

Epicardial mapping is a method of observing, detecting and analyzing cardiac electropotential signals with precision.

心外膜Mapping标测是一种精确测量和观察分析心脏电活动的方法，辅以直观的实时显示图能为外科及内科医生提供一条准确迅速的判断指标。

The mean fluoroscopy times for endocardial and epicardial mapping were 27±23 seconds (range, 0 to 105 seconds) and 18±18 seconds (range, 0 to 49 seconds), respectiely.

平均的x线透视检查次数对于心内膜和心外膜分别是27±23 秒(范围， 0 to 105 秒)和18±18 秒(范围， 0 to 49 秒)。

However, little is known about the degree of functional and hemodynamic improvement of severely ill heart failure patients who receive LV endocardial pacing vs.

然而，很少有人知道严重的心力衰竭病人接受左心室内膜和外膜起搏在心功能和血流动力学的改善方面有什麼差异。

The epineurial vessels run along the nerves length and gave off branches, distributing along nerve bundle, to enter into endoneurium. The endoneurium contained only capillaries. Arteriolovenular anastomoses were few in trigeminal nerve root. The distribution of microvessels in trigeminal nerve root was uneven. The number of microvessels in the medial portion was less than that of the distant.

神经外膜血管沿神经根径向走行，沿途再发侧支斜行或横行入神经束之间，顺神经根束分布，并发侧支进入神经内膜；半月结内微血管围绕神经节细胞分布；三叉神经根内的微血管配布不均，其近侧端微血管数量较少，远侧端微血管数量较多。

The epicardia l surface of the heart is smooth and glistening, but there are small scattered pinpoint yellowish microabscesses.

虽然心外膜的表面平滑并反光，但是还存在着小而散在的黄色微脓肿。

This magnification of the preceding photograph shows the small yellowish pinpoint microabscesses on the epicardia l surface.

本例为前一张照片的放大图，可见心外膜的表面有小而黄色的针尖状微脓肿。

The red-pink squiggly lines extending from the epicardia l surface into the yellow fluid represent the strands of fibrin.

许多淡红色弯弯曲曲的呈丝线状的物质为纤维蛋白，在心外膜表面一直延伸到黄色分泌液中。

The epicardia l surface of the heart shows a shaggy fibrinous exudate.

心外膜表面可见粗糙的纤维蛋白渗出物。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。