外膜

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The changes of INa,ICa-L,Ito and IK1 in the cardiomyocytes taken from the infarcted area of epicardium 24 hours after AMI in both the AMI and control groups.

主要观察指标： AMI后 24 h AMI组和对照组心外膜梗死区心肌细胞 INa， ICa-L， Ito和 IK1的变化。

In order to make a thorough use of the anatomical and functional information derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images, the epicardium and endocardium of the left ventricle should be extracted in advance.

为了充分利用心脏核磁共振图像(magnetic resonance image，简称MRI)中关于左心室的解剖和功能信息，必须先分割左室壁内、外膜。

The fibrin often results in the the finding on physical examination of a "friction rub" as the strands of fibrin on epicardium and pericardium rub against each other.

听诊时出现心包摩擦音，这是因为沉积在心外膜和心包的纤维素相互摩擦所致。

Methods Thirty domestic dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 in each group ): model control group, positive control group, and TGP groups with doses of 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg·kg-1, respectively. The descending branch of left coronary artery was ligated to construct the model of myocardial infarction in the anesthetic thoraco-opened dogs. The effect of TGP on epicardium electrocardiogram , myocardial infarction size and serum myocardial enzymes were observed.

取杂种犬30只，随机分为5组（每组6只），分别为模型对照组、阳性对照药物组及TGP 2.0、4.0和 8.0 mg·kg-1剂量组；采用结扎麻醉开胸犬左冠状动脉前降支制备急性心肌梗塞模型，观察TGP对心外膜电图、心肌梗塞面积和血清心肌酶的影响。

These results suggested that estradiol or testosterone had no effect on I〓 in castrated male rats; but in chronic eastadiol or testosterone treated females the I〓 density was higher in epicardium than in endocardium, and eastadiol group produced I〓 transmural dispersion.

雌二醇或睾酮对雄鼠去势后各组的I〓不产生影响；但慢性使用雌二醇或睾酮后使去势雌鼠心外膜的I〓密度比心内膜更高，且雌二醇组产生I〓跨室壁离散。

METHODS: The right peroneal nerve was transected and an epineural window of 1 mm was created on the neighboring tibial nerve.

表皮生长因子组：切断右侧腓神经，在邻近的胫神经干外膜上开一1 mm小窗，将腓神经远端吻合到胫神经干侧方开窗处。

Methods 18 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The common peroneal nerve on both sides was transected and then its distal end sutured to the tibial nerve with epineural window in an end - to - side fashion.

18只健康白兔按取材时间的不同随机分为A、B、C 3组，白兔双侧腓总神经切断后与同侧外膜开窗的胫神经作端侧缝合。

Methods: 10 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: Right common peroneal nerve was amputated, in group I the distal stump was sutured to the ipsilateral tibial nerve by the end-to-side way through an epineural window.

10只SD雄性大鼠分成A、B两组。A组：切断右侧腓总神经，将远侧断端以端侧缝合术式吻合到同侧胫神经外膜开窗部。。B组：切断右侧腓总神经，并将两断端分离。

A group of 10 Wistar rats had the peroneal nerve sectioned,and the distal ending was sturued to the lateral face of the tibial nerve after removing an l mm epineural window.

实验将Wistar大鼠一侧腓神经切断，在胫神经外膜上开一1 mm小窗，将腓神经远端与胫神经作端侧吻合。

The proximal and distal nerve stumps were sutured l cm apart, in an end-to-side fashion like ＂π＂, to the epneurium windows, opened by removing the epineural sheath on the intact tibial nerve trunk with 1 mm long.

方法将大鼠右侧腓总神经在胭窝处剪除约5mm后，将断裂的腓总神经近端和远端分别就近与同侧胫神经上的外膜窗施行端侧吻合，吻合口间距约10mm；动物存活24个月后，将手术侧近端吻合口以上胫神经剪断，再将辣根过氧化物酶注入远段腓总神经干内，72h后取材并经四甲基联苯胺显色显示脊髓L3-6节段神经元和L4、L5脊神经节细胞，同时取腓总神经远段行电镜观察神经纤维再生状态。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。