外翻

［Objective］To identify the standard of radiographic diagnosis and analyse the measurement between tailor's bunion and normal feet.［Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion. The measured results and other clinical presentations were compared.

［目的］通过对小趾囊炎足与正常足X线的测量及对比分析研究，明确小趾囊炎足X线诊断标准［方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion.

方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

Conclusion］Hallux valgus results from the osteal deformity caused by varus of the first metatarsal and tissue deformity caused by extreme crispation of adductor hallucis.

结论］母外翻的病理基础主要为第1跖骨内翻的骨性畸形与母收肌高度紧张挛缩的软组织畸形。

In recent years, In view of the reason of occurrence of cubitus varus, we design the therapy of casts splint fixation in elbow extension to treat supracondylar fracture of humerus.

近年来，我们针对肱骨髁上骨折并发肘内翻的原因，制定了伸肘外翻位石膏固定治疗肱骨髁上伸直型骨折。

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of reduction and casts splint fixation in elbow extension in treating supracondylar extension-type fracture of humerus in children and preventing the occurrence of cubitus varus.

目的：评价伸肘外翻位石膏固定治疗肱骨髁上伸直型骨折，预防肘内翻的临床疗效。

Entropion and ectropion is certainly seen in the breed.

睑内翻和外翻是肯定的品种出现在。

METHODS: Rabbit models of autogenous vein graft were generated in both groups. After anaesthesia, a median incision was made at the neck to dissociate external jugular vein and common carotid artery of the left side. Following blood flow was blocked at the upper and down sides of the common carotid artery, blood vessels were transected to collect 4.0-5.0 cm external jugular vein at the left side, and placed among the common carotid artery at the same side after inversion. End-to-end anastomosis was performed using discontinuous ecstrophy.

两组兔均建立自体静脉移植模型，麻醉后颈前正中切口，游离出左侧颈外静脉及颈总动脉，在颈总动脉的上下两端阻断血流后，横断血管，取左侧的颈外静脉4.0~5.0cm，上下倒向后置于同侧颈总动脉之间，采用间断外翻法行端端吻合。

Good balance of joint space can be achieved by the suitable adjustment of the soft tissues, so the unrestrictive prosthesis is used for the valgus patients, and the knee joint will be stabilized without the presence of cruciate ligament excision.

对于膝外翻的患者，如果合理的调整软组织获得良好的关节间隙平衡，就可以采用非限制性假体，不切除交叉韧带，获得膝关节的稳定。关键词：膝关节置换术；膝外翻；生物力学；探讨

Objective To evaluate the differences in biomechanical performance between the traditional Bombelli-type and modified Z-type valgus osteotomies through finite element analysis.

目的 应用有限元素方法比较分析传统的股骨转子下封闭楔形外翻截骨术与自行改良的&Z&形转子间外翻截骨术的术后力学差异。

Abstract］ objective to investigate anus sphincter preserved surgical method and indication for low rectal cancer.methods 15 cases with low rectal cancer were operated with eversion and pull-through anus preserved colorectal anastomosis through anus.results no patients died of operation,no patients was with fistula and stricture of anastomosis,no defecation incontinence happened after postoperative 20 weeks,only one patient was with local recurrence.following up for 8 months to 5 years,5 cases were with distant metastasis,4 of these died,one of these had lived with liver metastasis for 3 years.conclusion the indication of anus preserved operation should be chosen according to clinical stage and biological characteristic of rectal malignancy; eversion and pull-through anus preserved colorectal anastomosis through anus is a better anus preserved operation for low rectal cancer.

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保留肛门括约肌功能的手术方法和手术适应证。方法对低位直肠癌经腹经肛门直结肠外翻拉出保留肛门吻合术15例。结果全组无手术死亡，未发生吻合口漏和吻合口狭窄，局部复发1例，20周左右恢复正常排便排气功能，无大便失禁病例。随访8个月～5年，5例为远处转移，死亡4例，其中1例肝转移3年仍生存。结论根据直肠癌的临床分期和肿瘤的生物学特性选择保肛手术适应证，经腹、肛门齿线上直肠癌根治性切除，行肛门直结肠外翻拉出吻合是低位直肠癌较好的保肛术式。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。