外科手术

This course focuses on the foundation for chirurgery, common surgical diseases, surgical operations, etc. The objectives of this course are 1 to help students to master the basic theories, knowledge and techniques, the causes, pathogenic mechanism and clinical manifestations of common surgical diseases, and the principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases, 2 to help them get familiar with the indications and contraindications; and 3 to train students of the basic surgical performances outside the classroom and foster their aseptic concepts.

本课程包括外科基础、外科常见疾病、外科手术学等内容，使学生掌握外科学基础理论、基本知识、基本技能；掌握外科常见疾病的病因、病理、临床表现、诊断、鉴别诊断、预防和治疗原则；熟悉手术的适应症和禁忌症，训练学生外科手术学基本操作和培养学生严格的无菌观念。

Although there was not a significant difference in cancellation rate in the operating theater between the patients who had been or had not been evaluated in preanesthetic clinic, there was an improvement of reducing the cancellation rate because of patient's medical problem in the operating theater.

在4.021位已经接受术前访视门诊的患者中，12位患者的手术被取消，主要取消原因是：外科医师取消（50％）、心血管功能不良（33％），及呼吸方面的问题（17％）。在2，478位没有经过术前访视门诊的患者中，7位患者的手术被取消，主要原因在於心血管功能不良（57％）、呼吸方面的问题（29％）及外科医师取消（14％）。

Thus, these patients become the major subject for the clinical studies of the Psychosurgery. However,since the very beginning of its emergence,Psychosurgery has gained a great diversity of dispute.

但是，精神外科自从它诞生的那天起就引起不同的争议，手术疗效不尽相同，手术后患者出现各种各样的并发症，手术后精神病症状的复发率也较高。

The post-operational patient on liquid or semiliquid diet injected insulin subcutaneously before three meals,applied inˉsulin according to blood sugar level until end of perioperative period.

目的 探讨糖尿病对耳鼻咽喉—头颈外科患者手术后并发症的影响以及糖尿病患者的围手术期治疗方法对51例接受耳鼻咽喉及头颈部不同类型手术的糖尿病患者，观察其围手术期并发症，并于术 3天改三餐前0.5h皮下注射速效胰岛素治疗，根据血糖的测定结果，开始剂量约为4～8U；对术后禁食需要补液的患者，按葡萄糖3～4g/胰岛素1U的比例给药，并每日监测血糖指标；术后进流质或半流质饮食的患者，于三餐前皮下注射胰岛素，按血糖测定情况给药，直至围手术期结束。

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is a hazardous vascular disease,of which the operation is complex and difficult,and associated with high morbidity and mortality rate.

胸腹主动脉瘤是一种凶险的血管疾病，手术操作复杂、难度大，手术病死率和并发症发生率高，血管外科医师们为提高手术的治疗效果在不断探索新的手术方法，本文简要介绍胸腹主动脉瘤手术方法的变迁，包括分型，手术方法，效果及优缺点。

It benefits a lot for patients. Plastic surgery services the demand of patients, provides the reconstructive methods, ensures the original intention of BCT, personalizes the advantage and necessary of multi-treatment for breast cancer.

保乳手术是乳腺癌外科治疗划时代的进步，带给患者的是划时代的解放，而整形外科顺应患者的要求，提供相应的修复手段，最终保证了保乳手术的初衷，体现了乳腺癌多学科综合治疗的优势和必要性。

A surgical technologist, working with their team, would: Prepare the OR by setting up surgical instruments, sterile drapes, equipment and solutions; assemble both sterile and non-sterile equipment, and check equipment for proper functioning Prepare patients for surgery, transporting them to the OR room, positioning them on the operating table, and draping patients During operations, hold and pass instruments and sterile supplies to surgeons, and assist with the operating process by holding retractors, cutting sutures, counting sponges, needles and supplies Operate lights, suction machines, and diagnostic equipment used during procedures

外科技术人员，与他们的团队工作，将：准备设立手术器械，消毒窗帘，设备和解决方案，或；组装两种消毒和未消毒设备和检测设备的正常运转准备手术的病人，运送他们的手术室，定位于他们在手术台上，和装饰病人在行动，持有和通过仪器吨消毒用品外科医生，并协助举办拉钩，切割缝合，计数海绵，针和用品操作过程操作灯，吸机器，设备和诊断过程中使用的程序

Although most general surgeons are experienced in laparoscopic technique, some senior pediatric surgeons hesitate to learn this technique.

对小儿外科医师而言，特别是资深的小儿外科医师，由於未曾学习过腹腔镜手术，再加上处理的病患有其特殊性，所以许多小儿科医师并不觉得需要使用腹腔镜手术。

The company mainlyproduces and sells single-use medical devices and products, including Non-absorbable Surgical Suture, Absorbable Surgical Suture, Medical Sewing Needle, Surgical Suture Needles with Thread,Scalpel Blade, Bone Steel Needle, Disposable Uretra-catheter

品种有：非吸收性外科缝线、可吸收性外科缝线、医用缝合针、医用缝合针、带线缝合针、手术刀片、无菌手术刀片、金属骨针、一次性使用导尿包、一次性使用留置针、一次性使用麻醉穿刺包等产品。

The team comprised a surgeon specialized in burn victims and microsurgery, an operating nurse specialized in infant surgery and gynecology, a nurse specialized in orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery, and a physical therapist, all headed by a team leader who was a dental surgeon.

该团包括一位专攻烧伤患者与显微外科的外科医生、一位专攻幼儿外科和妇产科手术房的护士、一位专攻整形外科和心血管外科的护士、和一位物理治疗家，是由一位牙科医生所带领。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。