外神经胶质

The species of extracellular ATP can participate the effect of nerve system not only as the neurotransmitter and modulator but also has a trophic action to glial cell and neuron. It participates in many courses, e.g. cell differentiation and apoptosis, the morphologic change of chondriosome, to stimulate the synthesis and release of cytokine and nerve growth factor. It has a great influence to neurological growth and plasticity.

细胞外ATP类物质不仅可以作为神经递质及调质参与神经系统的功能，还可对胶质细胞及神经元产生营养作用，广泛参与细胞分化及凋亡、细胞线粒体形态变化、刺激细胞因子及神经生长因子的合成及释放等过程，对神经系统的发育及可塑性变化产生重要的影响。

Results MRI findings of central neurocytoma are specific in 5 cases. The ganglioglioma was found in the tempora and occipital lobe in 7 cases,in the brainstem in 1 case, cystic-solid tumor was observed in 5 cases with extramural nodule in 3 cases, obviously thickened gyri were revealed in 1 cases and central necrosis in 2 cases.The 3 cases of Lhermitte-Duclos disease include the specific molecular layer imaging features.

结果 5例中枢神经细胞瘤有一定的MRI特征，3例诊断正确。8例神经节细胞胶质瘤中，7例位于或主要位于颞、枕叶，1例位于桥脑和延髓，表现为囊实性者5例，实性部分位于囊外的有3例，呈实性表现为局部脑回增厚者1例，囊变坏死明显者2例。3例小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤有特征性的条纹状或分层状表现。

However, a growing number of studies suggest that excessive extracellular glutamate and resultant overstimulation of its receptors cause excitotoxic roles and lead to neuronal damage in several pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia. Normally, the excitatory postsynaptic roles of glutamate are terminated by the activities of high-affinity sodium dependent glutamate transporters that locate on neuroglial cells and neurons near the synaptic cleft, which are thought to play important roles in inactivating released glutamate and keep it below toxic levels in the extracellular space.

在生理状态下，突触间隙中谷氨酸的清除取决于邻近神经胶质细胞及神经元上高亲和力、钠依赖性谷氨酸载体的活动，通过该载体的再摄取机制保持细胞外谷氨酸浓度于正常范围，这在预防谷氨酸的神经毒中起着重要的作用。

Figure 2 Cranial nerve susceptibility in superficial siderosis of the central nervous system in relation to glial length. Relative length of the glial and peripheral segments of each cranial nerve. Open bar, peripheral nerve; closed bar, glial component. Adapted from Tarlov 1937

图2。 中枢神经系统表面含铁血黄素沉积症中颅神经的易感性与神经胶质长度有关，下图显示了每条颅神经中心部分神经胶质长度与外周组成部分的相对比例。

Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

ABSTRACT Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

I think WHO grade I dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is the most likely diagnosis, but one would like to see isolated floating neurons in the microcysts in addition to the small oligodendrocyte-like cells and neuropil-like fibrillary matrix.

我考虑可能是WHOI级的DNT（胚胎发育障碍的神经上皮肿瘤）。但DNT中除了少突胶质细胞样的小细胞和神经毡样胶质纤维基质外，还应该见到微囊中漂浮的神经元。

Neurovascular unit was an integral one that consisted of neuron,vascular endothelial cells,et al.

神经血管单元是指由神经细胞、血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞及其周围的细胞外基质组成的一个整体。

These results can lead to the following conclusion:〤GRP synthesized by the motoneurons may be a self-serving neurotrophic factor after axotomy.(2) CGRP may serve as a "injury signal" activating both the central and peripherical gli

本研究结果提示，运动神经轴突损伤后，运动神经元合成分泌的CGRP对神经元自身具有直接的神经营养作用，CGRP还可以作为损伤神经元分泌的&损伤信号&激活中枢和外周胶质细胞，从而为运动神经元的存活和轴突再生创造有利的微环境。

Much progress has been made in recent years through studying septic shock,however brain injury is rarely involved.This study takes the models of endotoxin-shock rats as research object to simulate septic shock.The study aims are to explore anomalous signal transduction in brain injury caused by septic shock and the effect of Sini Decoction in the process;define the molecular and cellular mechanisms of reviving yang for resuscitation method used to prevent and treat brain injury in septic shock and establish the scientific foundation for modernizing traditional Chinese medicine.

研究目的：1。明确内毒素休克后脑损伤组织中炎症介质水平，中性粒细胞和脑血管内皮细胞等细胞表面黏附分子表达情况，脑血管平滑肌细胞、神经胶质细胞和神经细胞对细胞外炎症介质刺激产生的功能代谢变化以及结构改变等三者之间的规律性关系。2。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。