外界

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

For eighteen months, Hanbury-Tracy and Kaulbeck had no contact with the outside world as they traveled across an unforgiving, unmapped terrain.

对于18个月，汉伯里，麦蒂和Kaulbeck没有与外界接触，因为他们在一个无情的，映射地形旅行。

And considering the uncertain factors that the system may meet during the operation, a H robust control algorithm is employed when devise the controller of the system to compensate disturbances and unmodeled factors of the system. Finally, simulation and experiments are done to test the systems robustness and performance.

鉴于系统工作过程中存在的各种不确定性因素，系统控制器的设计采用了H_∞鲁棒控制算法，以抑制系统的外界扰动以及被控对象的模型不确定性，并进行了系统仿真和试验台试验研究。

What is new is the pressure mounted on China with Tibetan protests, which have unnerved them.

如果说有什么新的东西，就是中国是在外界压力的作用下答应会谈的。

However, there are also some problems exist in education research: there are attitude and behavior difference between the principals and teachers toward the research; Lack of knowledge and training; unbalance between research and teaching; poor management method and unperfected management system; shortage of research fund; low efficiency of research result; lack of support and instruction from outside; unbalanced research development, and so on.This article discusses the results mentioned above and gives some measures to solve these problems exist in education science research of primary and secondary schools.

但同时也发现，校长和教师的教育科研观念与行为之间存在较大的反差；缺乏教育科研知识和方法的培训，科研知识和方法欠缺；教育科研与常规教学工作的关系还需进一步摆正；科研管理机构不健全、管理体系和管理制度不完善；科研经费普遍不足；科研效果欠佳；科研获得外界的支援、指导少；不够重视课题成果的推广应用；科研的发展很不平衡等问题。

The inside sealing structure of valve are plane sealing with blade shape, which can realize large ventilate areas with little unseal height. The outside sealing structures of valve are corrugated tube sealing without leakage point.

阀门的内密封结构采用形如刀口的平面密封，具有平面密封的特点(小的开启高度能获得较大的通气面积)，同时密封轴向力适中；外密封采用与外界无漏点的波纹管密封。

In unstimulated cells, NF-κB exists in the cytosol with an inhibitor protein termed IκB. Various stimulation lead to the proteolytic degradation of IκB and then NF-κB is released.

在静息细胞中，NF-κB与抑制蛋白IκB结合以非活性的状态存在于细胞质中，各种外界刺激可以导致IκB的降解从而释放NF-κB。

Profiles of β-actin expression in different recovery time after heat shock were expressed similarly and not significantly different from that of the unstimulated control, suggesting an ubiguitous expression pattern.

表明β-actin是研究受外界环境胁迫作用下昆虫体内不同基因表达水平的可靠内参基因。

Many unthoughtful rumors came up about why she left the group and there was a time where HyunA wrote an entry on her Cyworld saying that she did not want to live anymore.

关于她离队的原因，外界有许多谣言。泫雅也一度在&Cyworld&个人主页上留言表示自己不想再活下去了。

Many unthoughtful rumors came up aboutwhy she left the group and there was a time where HyunA wrote an entryon her Cyworld saying that she did not want to live anymore.

关于她离队的原因，外界有许多谣言。泫雅也一度在&Cyworld&个人主页上留言表示自己不想再活下去了。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。