外消旋的

The direct incorporation of U-13C glucose was estimated by the intensity increase of m/z to F(F was parent fragment, and n was the carbon number in the fragment), while the total isotope incorporation from the added 13C could be calculated according to the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through (Fa was the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons, and T was the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). The 13C enrichment in the target compound was expressed as atom percentage excess, and that of D-amino acid needed to be corrected by the coefficient of hydrolysis-induced racemization. The 13C enrichment reflected the carbon turnover velocity of individual amino acid enantiomers, and was powerful to investigate the dynamics of soil amino acids.

外加葡萄糖直接合成氨基酸的比例可利用质谱碎片的相对强度变化来评价（n为质谱碎片F中含有的碳原子数目）；而源于葡萄糖的13C同位素在氨基酸分子中的富集程度是所有同位素峰相对强度变化的总和。13C在目标化合物中的富集比例用原子百分超评价，D氨－基酸的APE还需进一步利用水解诱导的外消旋化系数校正。13C在目标化合物中的富集程度可反映各氨基酸手性异构体的碳循环速率大小，是研究土壤氨基酸动态变化的有力工具。

Leaf sheaths loose, strongly compressed, keeled, basal sheaths imbricate; leaf blades broadly linear to lanceolate, flat or folded, 5–20 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or adaxial surface pilose, apex obtuse; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Racemes 2–5, digitate or subdigitate, 4–10 cm, only slightly diverging; rachis glabrous. Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 2–2.7 mm, pilose or glabrous, apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma 2–4-veined, midvein absent, laterals marginal; upper lemma pale, oblong-elliptic, shorter than spikelet, obtuse with an apical tuft of hairs; stigmas pale.

叶鞘松散，强烈压扁，龙骨状，基部的鞘覆瓦状；叶片宽线形到披针形，平的或折叠， 5-20 * 0.6-1.2 厘米，无毛的或正面具柔毛，先端钝； 0.3-0.5毫米外消旋体2-5的叶舌，指状或者4-10厘米，subdigitate，只是稍微分歧；轴无毛长圆状披针形的小穗，2-2.7毫米，具柔毛或无毛，先端锐尖；上面颖片和更下部的外稃2-4－脉，中脉无，边缘；浅，长圆状椭圆形的上面外稃，短于小穗，钝具一顶端1束毛；柱头浅。

The effects of racemate initial concentration, volume ratio of surfactant to organic solvent, pH value in internal or external phase, pH gradient from external to internal phase, ligand metallicion and system temperature on the performances of chiral separation were discussed.

摘 要：研究在含有Cu2+和N-n-十二烷基-L-脯氨酸手性配体的乳状液膜体系中手性萃取分离氧氟沙星对映体的效果，以及外消旋体的初始浓度、表面活性剂与有机溶剂的体积配比、内外水相pH值、从外水相到内水相pH值梯度变化以及配位金属离子与体系温度对液膜手性分离性能的影响。

A key feature of this methodology is the use of metal catalysts for the in situ racemization of enzymatically unreactive enantiomers in the enzymatic resolution of racemic substrates.

酶和金属配合物的结合扩展了这个方法的使用范围，该方法的主要特征是用酶催化拆分和金属催化原位外消旋化未反应的底物，克服了经典动力学拆分最高产率只有50%的缺陷。

To an asymmetric synthesis of (1), we applied a type of Roush addition in the first step to introduce the C4 stereocenter, and then the chair substance -122 are readily transformed into the title compound -aphanorphine using the same route as to the racemic target molecular.

aphanorphine分子的不对称合成是在第一步通过对甲氧基苯乙醛（119）发生Roush反应引入手性，得到手性高烯丙醇-122，然后利用与合成外消旋目标分子相同的方法，光学纯化合物-122经一系列转化可得到光学纯中间体化合物139；化合物139发生分子内傅—克反应的过程中，由C4位手性立体特异地控制C1位手性的生成，从而解决-aphanorphine分子中的手性问题。

Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 3–6 × 0.3–0.7 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; ligule rounded, tonguelike, ca. 1.5 mm. Racemes paired, 2–5 cm; rachis internodes thick, outer angle ciliate with long hairs, inner angles shortly ciliate or glabrous.

叶鞘无毛；叶片线形披针形 3-6 * 0.3-0.7 厘米，无毛，先端渐尖；叶舌绕行，舌状，大约配对的1.5毫米外消旋体，2-5厘米；不久的轴节间的厚，外部的角纤毛的具长毛，内部角具缘毛或无毛。

Separation of racemic mixtures of thirty-eight secondary aromatic alcohols and arylethanediols with different substituting group was achieved with HPLC by using Chiralcel OD and Chiralcel LJ as chiral stationary phase and hexane/2-propanol mixtures of different ratios as eluents. The chromatographic parameters of these racemates on OD and OJ columns were examined.

在ChiralcelOD和ChiralcelOJ两支多糖类手性固定相上，以各种不同配比的正己烷-异丙醇为洗脱剂对38种带有不同取代基的芳香仲醇及芳香乙二醇类手性化合物的对映体进行拆分，考察了这些外消旋体在这两支手性柱上的色谱行为。

In recent years, optically active polymers have attracted much attention because of their unique functions such as molecular recognition, optical resolution for racemates and catalytic activity in asymmetric transformations as well.

近年来，光学活性聚合物的合成与结构—性能研究深受国内外学者的高度关注，这是由于这些合成材料具有潜在的应用前景，如：光学活性聚合物可应用于外消旋混合物的对映异构体分离，即光学拆分过程；不对称吸附、手性诱导及许多有机化学反应过程中的不对称催化。

In the Chapter One, we found the reason that led the decomposition of Betti Base 1 in the process of chiral resolution and an efficient resolution procedure was developed using acetone as the solvent.

我们发现了外消旋Betti碱1在拆分中发生分解的原因，并开发出一条以丙酮为拆分溶剂的拆分方法，经过对各种条件的优化，在以50克的拆分规模上，Betti碱1的拆分化学收率达到84％，光学收率达到99％ee。

The catalytic systems of Lewis acid and base are useful ways in the non-enzymatic catalysis. They were widely used to different kinds of kinetic resolution reactions.

在非酶催化反应中，路易斯酸碱催化是比较常用的方法，它们被广泛地用于多种外消旋体的动力学拆分反应中，目前在该领域取得了很大的进展。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。