外展

On the fracture section, three strain gauges were put above the pins of groups fixed with external fixator. The gauges were recorded when the femurs were loaded vertically. Results (1) The compressive trabeculae and femoral calcar in the femoral neck region are the main load-bearing construction. The contract of the abductor muscle can protect the hip joint. When the model femur was abducted in small degree (10-30°), the stress improved gradually with the abductor angle. But adduction of the model will gradually decrease the stress in that area. When external violence was put on it, the main stress distribution was on the upper femur, which was in the middle and lower part of the femoral neck and between greater trochanter and lesser trochanter.

同时在④⑤两组又应用电阻应变片贴于断端间的三枚斯氏针上方以测定钢针上的应力与应变结果(1)股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构；载荷的传导主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距由股骨颈区传至股骨干的中下1/3处；外展肌力的收缩对髋关节有一定的保护作用；在小角度外展实验中（10-30°）股骨颈区的应力递增，超过30°时股骨颈区的应力又逐渐减小，但在内收实验中随角度增大股骨颈处应力呈递减趋势；当外界暴力作用时，应力主要集中在股骨上段，即股骨颈中下段和大小转子处及其之间。

The result showed that for joint angle, age effect existed in most of components in all planes except ankle joint and hip abduction during downslope walking.

结果显示，对於关节角度，年纪的影响存在於各关节的各平面上，除了踝关节外展及髋外展角度。

Objective:This study was designed to measure the angles of the acetabular abduction when facing the different pelvic obliqueness angles.

目的：通过对正常骨盆标本在骨盆歪斜不同角度时的髋臼外展角进行测量，得出髋臼外展角在骨盆绕身体矢状轴旋转时的变化趋势和规律。

Results:The pelvic obliqueness angle and abduction angle showed the positive linear correlation by the linear regress analysis.

结果：骨盆歪斜角度同相应的外展角之间呈正线性相关，相关系数r=0.999、P=0.000，通过对歪斜角度和外展角进行直线回归分析得到回归方程Y=47.217 73+0.939 797 7X，P=0.000。

Muscularactivity brough about significam changes in glenohUmeral translation, the humera headbeing in a more inferior position and more centered, particularly at 90" and l20" ofabduction (p.01). In anterior/posterior direction the humeral head was more centeredat 60?and 90?of abduction during muscle activity.

肌肉的参与导致盂-肱关节变换关系的显著改变，肱骨头更加偏向下方和靠近中心，特别在90°和120°外展时表现得最为明显(p＜0.01)，在前后方向，肌肉的参与下，60°和90°外展时，肱骨头更趋向中心。

The aim of the study is to improve the outcomes of shoulder abduction by accessory nerve transfer from the following two aspects:① Select the best choice of recipient nerve;②Design a dorsal-approach spinal accessory nerve transfer, more effevtively use the pinal accessory nerve.

本课题研究旨在从以下两个方面：①选择副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能的最佳受区神经，②设计新的后入路副神经移位术式；提高副神经的利用效率，改善术后患者肩关节外展功能的恢复。

We dilivered supramaximal stimulations over the wrist in the median and ulnar nerve examinations and obtained the data of CMAP parameters from APB and ADQ muscles.

於21位年轻正常受试者，分别在腕部施予正中神经及尺神经之超大电量刺激，同时在短外展拇指肌与外展小指肌作CMAP之记录。

Materials and Methods 46 cases with brachial plexus injury underwent traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer to restore shoulder abduction were followed-up. Recipient nerve: suprascapular nerve in 35 cases (upper partial brachial plexus injury 21 cases and total brachial plexus injury 14 cases), axillary nerve in 11 cases(upper partial brachial plexus injury 5 cases and total brachial plexus injury 6 cases); And trapezius muscle function was measured by physical examination and electrophysiological study in 18 patients.

材料与方法臂丛神经损伤患者46例，传统锁骨上前入路副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能；受区神经：肩胛上神经35例(上臂丛神经损伤21例，全臂丛神经损伤14例)，腋神经11例(上臂丛神经损伤5例，全臂丛神经损伤6例)；术后随访肩关节外展功能的恢复，并对来院随访患者随访检查其斜方肌各部肌力及电生理的变化。

Methods Passing through the measurement of anteverted and abducted angels of acetabula in positive radiograms of 40 hip joints, compared with the practical values of anteverted and abducted angels of pelvis specimen,demonstrating the accurency of these kinds of measurement.

方法通过20具(40髋)骨盆标本髋关节正位X线片髋臼前倾角、外展角的测算值与骨盆标本髋臼前倾角、外展角的实际值相比较，以证明该测算方法的准确性。

Initially existing models of outreaching work were employed.

最初我们采纳了现行的外展社会工作手法，及后发现此种手法并不适用於通宵外展工作。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。