外周神经的

Cholecystokinin is a brain-gut peptide with broad biological activities. It is one of the main regulating hormones in the digestive system, and it plays an important physiological role in the central and peripheral nervous system as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.

胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin， CCK)是一种具有广泛生物学活性的脑肠肽，既是胃肠道主要调节激素之一，还广泛存在于中枢及外周神经系统中以神经递质或神经调质的形式发挥重要的生理作用。

Seizures and focal neurologic signs, including cranial-nerve palsies, are common, as are peripheral-blood leukocytosis and hyponatremia.

癫痫样发作和局部神经体征，包括颅神经麻痹，以及外周血白细胞增多和低钠血症都是通常所见的表现。

Oxytocin , a nonapeptide, is mainly synthesized in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of mammals' hypothalamus, and secreted into peripheral blood through neurohypophysis when stimulated to act on the target tissues like mammary gland or myometrium. Hence, the milk ejection or myometrium contraction is induced.

催产素是一种9肽神经内分泌激素，在中枢神经系统(Central nervous system，CNS)中，主要在下丘脑视上核(Supraoptic nucleus，SO)、室旁核(Paraventricular nucleus，Pa)的大细胞内分泌神经元中合成，并经神经垂体释放入外周血，作用于其靶组织如乳腺和子宫平滑肌等，发挥促射乳、促宫缩等作用。

ConclusionsExpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm in facial nucleus and peripheral lymph cells and was increased after facial nerve injuries. Local inflammatory reaction triggered by nerve injuries lasted for a longer duration than that caused by mere traumas.

h后。结论糖皮质激素受体α表达在面神经核团及外周淋巴细胞胞核及胞质中，在面神经受到损伤后其表达量增高，而且神经损伤较单纯外伤可以引起较长时间的局部炎症反应。

GDNF has been reported to exhibit trophic actions on various neurons of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system .

GDNF对中枢及外周的多种神经元有神经营养作用，与目前已知的神经营养因子相比，GDNF对受到损伤的多巴胺能神经元和运动神经元的促存活作用最为显著。

Recently, it is proved that SP is also involved in pain modulation, acupuncture analgesia and immunoin- hibition. However, the role of CGRP in them is unclear Therefore, the dy- namic changes of CGRP-, SP-like immunoreactivity and expression ofα- CGRP,β-CGRP mRNAs in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord in the arthritic rats were observed by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques combined with behavioral tests, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of this peoptide on the develoment of polyarthritis were investigated by intrthecal injections of CGRP and its antagonist in the rats. In addtion, GAL is a novel neuropeptide which coexists with CGRP and SP, but it may play a different role in the primary sensory system. Thus, we also observed the changes of GAL and GAL mRNA in DRG neurons and the spinal cord. The results were as follows

为此本文拟在大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型上，结合行为学测定、用免疫组织化学、原位核酸分子杂交技术观察脊髓背角及DRG中CGRP、SP、α-CGRP mRNA、β-CGRPmRNA的动态变化及电针的影响，此外，用鞘内和外周注射CGRP的工具药探讨了CGRP在佐剂性关节炎发生发展中的可能作用；甘丙肽（Galanin，GAL）也是新近发现的一个神经肽，并与CGRP和SP共存于DRG及初级传入末梢中，在神经损伤模型中脊髓CGRP、SP减少，GAL则明显增加，显示GAL与CGRP和SP的作用可能不同，因此在佐剂性关节炎模型上也同时观察了GAL和GAL mRNA的变化，实验结果如下

Of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilatation

活化神经的功能及代谢，以及舒张冠状与外周血管以增加血流方面更

Mehtods Thirty male SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into acute stress,chronic stress and control group(each n=10),acute and chronic stress models were made with forced swimming and empty bottle stimulation separately,and frequency of getting into central grille, detention time , outer grille numbers,modifying numbers and dejecture grain number were observed with openfield experimental box;expressions of neuropeptide Y and adenylcyclase in prefrontal lobe cortex, hippocampus CA3,striatum of the groups were observed using the immunohistochemistry method and correlation analyses conducted.

将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为急性应激组、慢性应激组和正常对照组，每组10只，用强迫游泳和空瓶刺激分别制作急性和慢性应激模型，采用开野实验箱观察各组大鼠进入中央格次数、停留时间、外周格子数、修饰次数、粪便粒数；采用免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠神经肽Y、腺苷酸环化酶在前额叶皮质，海马CA3区，纹状体的表达水平，并进行相关分析。

Mehtods Thirty male Sprague??Dawley rats were randomly divided into acute stress,chronic stress and control group(each n=10),acute and chronic stress models were made with forced swimming and empty bottle stimulation separately,and frequency of getting into central grille, detention time , outer grille numbers,modifying numbers and dejecture grain number were observed with open??field experimental box;expressions of neuropeptide Y and adenylcyclase in prefrontal lobe cortex, hippocampus CA3,striatum of the groups were observed using the immunohistochemistry method and correlation analyses conducted.

将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为急性应激组、慢性应激组和正常对照组，每组10只，用强迫游泳和空瓶刺激分别制作急性和慢性应激模型，采用开野实验箱观察各组大鼠进入中央格次数、停留时间、外周格子数、修饰次数、粪便粒数；采用免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠神经肽Y、腺苷酸环化酶在前额叶皮质，海马CA3区，纹状体的表达水平，并进行相关分析。

As the bridge between central nervous system and peripheral receptor or effector, peripheral nerve plays an important role in neurotransmission and neurotrophy.

周围神经作为联系中枢神经系统(central nervous system，CNS)与外周感受器或者效应器之间的桥梁，在神经传递、神经营养等方面发挥着重要作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。