外侧髁

The save zone of muscle-splitting approach extends from the medial humeral epicondyle,and 2 cm beyond the end point of UCL on ulna.

经尺侧腕屈肌的肱头和尺头之间、自肱骨内侧髁向前外侧至UCL尺骨止点以远约2 cm为一损伤较小的安全手术入路。

Besides, tears if the memscus-cartilage will be seen very often: Both menisci, the medial and the lateral one, are supposed to equalize the incongruence between the femoral condyles and the tibialbone.

另外，如果眼泪memscus软骨常常会看到：无论半月，内侧及外侧一理应平等共享一tibialbone和股骨髁之间。

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and anatomic basis of extreme lateral occipital condyle-lateral mass approach.

目的：探讨极外侧枕骨髁－侧块入路的可行性及解剖学基础。

Results: The JF located between the petrosal bone and occipital bone and each side had one .

结果 JF位于颅底枕髁的前外侧和岩骨的后内侧，左右各一。

The results indicate that the fixation methods for supracondylar fractureshould b that:(1) The fixation with the flexion angle of 9O°in the pronator position is adopted if the medial side presents displacement and the lateral periosteum is broken and the "hinge"of the medial periosteum remained unbroken.

表明肱骨髁上骨折的固定方法宜采用：①若内侧移位，外侧骨膜破裂，内侧骨膜"铰链"完整，则采用屈曲90°旋前位固定；②若外侧移位，内侧骨膜破裂，外侧骨膜"铰链"完整，则采用屈90°旋后位固定；③若内外侧骨膜完全破裂，不论是内侧移位，还是外侧移位，宜采用旋后位固定。

Afterwards, releases were carried on by the sequences: suprapatellar bursa; medial and lateral channel; medial and lateral patellar retinaculum; patella/femoral joint; condyloid socket; medial and lateral chamber; adhesion between femoral and quadriceps.

方法］釆用膝前内、前外及骸骨内上、外上4个5~10mm切口，先松解、扩张髌上囊创造出进入关节镜的空间，依照髌上囊→内、外侧沟→髌骨内、外侧支持带→髌股关节→髁间窝→膝关节内侧室→外侧室→股骨与股四头肌之间的粘连顺序进行松解。

simple lateral incision surgery for children with humeral fracture approach is simple, safe and show a clear, easy to operate, reliable reset, satisfied with the results, low-cost and so on.

单纯外侧切口手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折具有入路简便，安全，显露清晰，操作方便，复位可靠，效果满意，费用低廉等特点。

BACKGROUND: Fracture of humeral ectocondyle is a kind of articular epiphyseal fracture. It is one of the most prevalent disorder of cubital articulation. The occurrence of fracture and the mechanical mechanism of treatment is not very well cognized in clinic.

背景：肱骨外侧髁骨折是最易发生的肘部损伤之一，属关节内骨骺骨折，临床上对其骨折发生和其治疗的力学机制并不完善。

One part of the muscle tendon membrane turned into the intermuscular septum and another part stopped at the external bone surface of the olecranon. The radial collateral ligament stopping at the corocoid process of ulnar came into being the radial-ulnaris collateral ligament, and there were two types of stopping points of the radial-ulnaris collateral ligament and the annular ligament of radius on the ulna.

结果肘关节伸肌起始于肱骨外髁的肌腱膜上，肌腱膜部分随肌肉走行成为肌间隔，部分止于尺骨鹰嘴外侧骨面；桡侧副韧带止于尺骨冠突的部分为桡侧尺副韧带，其与桡骨环状韧带在尺骨上的止点有2种类型。

Results The anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament originates from the inferior aspect of the medial epicondyle and inserts immediately adjacent to the joint surface on the ulna near the sublimis tubercle. The posterior bundle originates from the medial epicondyle slightly posterior to its most inferior portion and inserts broadly on the olecranon process. The lateral collateral ligament arises from the inferior aspect of the lateral epicondyle. Two types of conjoined lateral collateral and annular ligamentous insertions on the ulna were observed. Type Ⅰ(61.2％) was bilobate and type Ⅱ(38.8％) was a single broad conjoined type with insertion on the ulna. The anterior band of anterior bundle was more tighten than the posterior band as the elbow flexed less than 60°. When the elbow flexed over 60°, the two parts of anterior bundle were equally tightened. The posterior bundle was tightened as the elbow was flexed more than 90°. The lateral collateral ligament was tightened gradually as the elbow moved in flexion.

结果(1)尺侧副韧带前束起于肱骨内上髁的前下方，止于尺骨冠突内侧的小结节；后束起于肱骨内上髁的内下方，止于尺骨鹰嘴内侧的骨面；(2)桡侧副韧带起于肱骨外上髁的外下方，其纤维部分止于环状韧带，部分止于尺骨冠突的外下方；桡侧副韧带和桡骨环状韧带在尺骨上的止点有两种类型：Ⅰ型占61.2％，桡侧副韧带的部分纤维汇于环状韧带的尺骨止点，另一部分纤维单独止于稍远的尺骨上；Ⅱ型占38.8％，桡侧副韧带和环状韧带形成一宽的纤维止于尺骨上；(3)在肘关节屈曲60°以前，尺侧副韧带前束的外侧部紧张而内侧部较松弛，肘关节屈曲超过60°后，前束内外侧处于同程度的紧张状态；尺侧副韧带的后束在肘关节屈曲超过90°后才被拉紧；(4)桡侧副韧带在肘关节不同屈曲状态时其紧张度逐渐增加，当肘关节屈曲超过90°时，桡侧副韧带被明显拉长。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了