外侧

Results In sagittal section through lateral border of collum tali, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament is within (19.2±2.8)mm. In coronal section through medial part of corpus tali, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament is within (17.9±5.2)mm.

结果 在矢状面过距骨颈外侧缘内侧(19.2±2.8)mm范围，在冠状面过距骨体中部(17.9±5.2)mm范围内可见距跟骨间韧带。

The lateral nasal and columellar arteries then meet over the dorsal region, forming an alar arcade that runs along the cephalic margin of the lateral crura.

外鼻动脉和鼻小柱动脉在鼻背区域汇合，形成沿外侧脚头侧缘走行的鼻翼弓。

The lateral nasal and columellar arteries then meet over the dorsal region, forming an alar arcade that runs along the cephalic margin of the lateral crura.

侧鼻动脉和鼻小柱动脉在鼻背区域汇合，形成沿外侧脚头侧缘走行的鼻翼弓。

The IFN-γ immunoreactive cells and dendrites with higher density were detected in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ layer of whole spinal cord,the lumbosa sacral parasympathetic nucleus dorsal commissural nucleus,the Ⅸ laye...

中间带和腹角内的阳性胞体的树突还伸向外侧索和腹索，有时可达脊髓边缘。本试验证明了 IFN-γ在腰骶髓段脊髓内的分布，从而在细胞水平为&免疫神经内分泌网络&学说提供了形态学依据。

Conclusion］1.The main purpose for the application of the arthroscopic in UKA is to deal with other disease inside the knee rather than to confirm the indication of the operation.2.Arthroscopy is an effective way for the patients combined lateral menisci injury and other compartmental mild osteoarthritis.

结论］(1)关节镜在膝关节单间室置换中应用的主要目的在于处理关节内的其他病变而非确定手术适应证；(2)对于合并外侧半月板损伤和其他间室轻度骨性关节炎的患者，关节镜仍是一种有效的辅助治疗手段。

The objectives of this study were to elucidate the normal stage of connectional development in human visual pathway so that the effects of the abnormal connection in human might be understood.

包括视网膜输出至外侧膝状体的M细胞和P细胞；视交叉的发育；膝距束终末内生长至初级视皮质；视网膜投射至顶盖前核和上丘通路的发育过程，提供胚胎中枢视觉通路连续动态形态学超微结构内容，动态观察发育性结构与人类视觉功能之间的关系。

Joint effusion were in 5,the tibial ligament sprains in 2 and tears in 1,the fibular collateral ligaments sprains in 1,MR appeared contusive ligaments as irregular hyperitensity in swollen ligament,and teared ligament present as diffusive hyperintensity and total or partial interruption in the injuried ligaments.

其中关节腔积液5例，内侧副韧带损伤2例，部分撕裂1例，外侧副韧带损伤1例，损伤韧带表现为韧带不同程度增粗，正常低信号内出现不规则高信号；撕裂表现为韧带明显增粗，呈弥漫性高信号，韧带的连续性部分或完全中断。

METHODS: From June 2007 to March 2009, 8 patients with terrible triad of the elbow were treated. The fracture of the radial head was classified according to the system of Mason, with typeⅠ in 1 patients, type Ⅱ in 6 and type Ⅲ in 1; fracture of the coronoid process was classified according to the system of Regan and Morrey, with type Ⅰin 2 patients, type Ⅱ in 5, and type Ⅲ in 1. The hollow lag screws and Herbert screws were used to fixe coronoid process and radial head fractures, and repair Annular ligament. Lateral collateral ligament was repaired in 1 case. All injured extremities were treated with a posterior plaster splint with the elbow joint held in 90° of flexion and the forearm in neutral rotation for 2-3 weeks followed by elbow rehabilitation training.

于2007-06/2009-03共收治肘关节恐怖三联征患者8例，其中尺骨冠突骨折按 Regan-Morrey法分类：Ⅰ型2例，Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型1例；桡骨头骨折按Mason法分类：Ⅰ型1例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型1例。8例患者均采取了内固定治疗，采用中空拉力螺钉或Herbert螺钉固定冠突和桡骨头骨折，修补环状韧带，1例缝合修复肘外侧副韧带，术后屈肘90°旋前中立位，以塑形良好的高分子管型石膏固定两三周后开始屈伸和旋转康复训练。

The principles of the operative technique are to (1) restore coronoid stability throughfracture fixation (type-II or III fractures7) or through anterior capsular repair (a type-I fracture),(2) restore radial head stability through fracture fixation or replacement with a metal prosthesis,(3) restore lateral stability through repair of the lateral collateral ligament complex and associated so-called secondary constraints such as the common extensor origin and/or the posterolateral capsule,(4) repair the medial collateral ligament in patients with residual posterior instability, and (5) apply a hinged external fixator when conventional repair does not establish sufficient joint stability to allow early motion.

外科手术的原则是：①通过骨折固定(2型骨折或3型骨折)或者经前方关节囊修复(1型骨折)恢复冠状突的稳定。②通过骨折固定或假体置换恢复桡骨头的稳定性③通过修复侧副韧带以及相关的所谓的次要限制如伸肌群起点和后外侧关节囊。④残余的后侧不稳，修复内侧副韧带⑤当传统的修复方法不能建立有效的关节稳定以便允许早期活动时，可以应用外固定器。

The screw entry point was located at the tip of transverse process. The average inclination angle should be 10°-20° headward and 30°-40° toward neutral line respectively. The screw was inserted and entered into the vertebral body along the external cortex of pedicle. The integrity of cortical bone around screws, the distance to segmental blood vessels and the penetration of cortex were observed after operation to evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement. Among 160 thoracic pedicle screws that were implanted in 34 cases, 148 screws (92.5%) were accurately inserted inside the costotransverse unit, and 12 screws (7.5%) were misplaced according to the image of X-ray and CT thin-slice scan.

应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者，固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径，固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖，进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~ 20°、与中线成角30°~40°，顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体，固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨，评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉，固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5%)螺钉置入准确，12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。