外伤后的

Background: The neuron death resulting from traumatic brain injury can be classified into 3 types:(1)neuron death due to primary injury;(2)neuron necrosis due to secondary injury such as hemorrhage, compression, anoxemia and ischemia;(3)neuron apoptosis due to inflammatory factor, cytokine,, excitatory transmitter, Ca~(2+) overload and oxygen radical et al.

引言创伤性脑损伤所致的神经元死亡主要有三种：①原发性损伤所致的神经元直接死亡；②外伤后出血、压迫、缺血缺氧等继发性损伤因素所引起的神经元坏死；③炎性介质、细胞因子、兴奋性递质、Ca~(2+)超载、氧自由基等因素所诱发的神经元凋亡。

As the body response for the trauma, the adipose tissues as blood serum behavior in the wounded tissue were suffered mobilization. At the same time, the ectogenesis fat tissue entranced blood circulation. As the result of hemodynamics alteration, there were blood platelet and erythrocyte and leucocytes and lipid granules collecting on the surface of these lipid droplets. The volumes of these lipid droplets were enlargement. These lipid droplets were changed to fat embolus by the promotion of coagulation and fibrin deposition intra-blood vessel.

现代医学理论认为，外伤后组织存留的血清状态的脂肪组织受到动员，同时，损伤部位的血管外源性脂肪进入血循环，而创伤引起的机体反应使血液动力学发生改变，血小板、红细胞、白细胞及血脂乳化不稳定所析出的脂质颗粒等，均可聚集于以上脂滴的表面，使之体积增大，加之组织凝血活化酶的释放，促使血管内凝血，纤维蛋白沉积的发生，从而形成脂肪栓子，导致脂肪栓塞。

Methods 252 patients who were suspicious of fracture, however, negative on plain X-ray film were performed with helical CT scan, 2D and 3D images of the injuried bone were obtained by using CT postprocessing in work station.

对252例外伤患者普通X线平片中未显示而临床怀疑有骨折的患者进行CT扫描后，通过CT图像后处理，得到外伤部位骨骼二维和三维的图像。

ConclusionsExpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm in facial nucleus and peripheral lymph cells and was increased after facial nerve injuries. Local inflammatory reaction triggered by nerve injuries lasted for a longer duration than that caused by mere traumas.

h后。结论糖皮质激素受体α表达在面神经核团及外周淋巴细胞胞核及胞质中，在面神经受到损伤后其表达量增高，而且神经损伤较单纯外伤可以引起较长时间的局部炎症反应。

Methods: Injured patients of cervical spine was cayyied on X-ray inspection.,then according to the result of ADI and LADS ,next to CT or MRI inspection ,and that was to guide clinical diagonosis and treatment.To observe atlanto-dental interval (anterior arch of atlas posterior border to odontoid process anterior border) and odontoid process caster(included angle between axis of ordinate of odontoid process and axis of ordinate of odontoid vertebra) on the X-ray lateral projection.

对有颈部外伤史的病人常规行X线检查，然后根据寰齿间距和齿突侧块间隙的结果，行下一步CT检查或者MRI检查，指导临床治疗方法的选择。X线侧位片观察寰齿前间隙(为寰椎前弓后缘与齿突前缘距离)，齿状突后倾角(齿突纵轴与枢椎体纵轴的夹角)；开口正位片上测定齿突侧块间隙。

BACKGROUND: The soft tissues would shrink with nasal framework collapse following surgical trauma, which cause aseptic inflammation, lead to parts of cartilage resorption. Accordingly, long-term saddle nose deformity usually accompanied by short nasal columella.

摘要背景：外伤致鼻基本支架塌陷后，软组织也会塌陷收缩，另外外伤损伤鼻软骨会引起鼻软骨无菌性炎症从而致部分软骨吸收，所以长期的鞍鼻畸形常伴有鼻小柱过短。

The dislocation of the IOL were related to the rupture of posterior capsule, broken ciliary zonule, prolapse of vitreous during surgery, trauma after surgery, type and material of intraocular lens.

后房型人工晶状体脱位与术中后囊膜破裂、悬韧带离断、玻璃体处理不当、术后外伤及人工晶状体的材料和类型有关。

Results The rupture of posterior capsule, broken ciliary zonule, prolapse of vitreous during surgery trauma after surgery, type and material of intraocular lens were mainly causes of posterior chamber IOL dislocation. Pupillary dilatation with 1% tropicamide was achieved on 2 of 23eyes, Simple-replace of the IOL was performed succesfully on 10 eyes, anterior IOLs were implanted on 4 eyes, posterior IOLs were implanted on 4 eyes, and the IOL was removed on 3 eye.

结果 手术中后囊膜破裂、悬韧带离断、玻璃体脱出、手术后外伤及人工晶状体的材料和类型是后房型人工晶状体脱位的主要原因。23眼中2眼用1%托吡卡胺扩瞳后自行复位；10眼单纯手术复位成功；4眼更换前房型人工晶状体；4眼更换后房型人工晶状体；3眼取出人工晶状体后未再植入。

We successfully managed two patients with I-S joint separation resulting from head injury through exploratory tympanotomy with ossiculoplasty within the recent 2 years. Both were young females who had sustained head injury resulting from traffic accident with the sequelae of persistent hearing impairment. They both gained significant hearing improvement postoperatively.

在过去二年内，我们曾经历过二例听小骨链断离的病例，她们均为年轻女性，在车祸头部外伤后伴有持续性的听力障础，在怀疑听小骨链断离的诊断下，於外科病情稳定之后，以中耳探查术做听小骨链重建，两名患者术后听力皆有显著改善。

Although the term has more than one definition, it is generally considered as any condition that seriously perturbs physiological and psychological homeostasis ranging from anxiety to posttraumatic stress disorder.

虽然﹐对於压力的定义仍未有一致性的标准﹒一般认为会严重影响生理及心理恒定性的物件及情况﹐都可认为是压力﹐其程度可以从轻度的焦虑到经历重度外伤后所引起的身心失调现象﹒不论是每个个人？

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。