外-斐反应

In eukaryotic cells,Toll-like receptors in endosomal membrane were show to recognize viral RNA in endosome and thereby initiate innate immunity pathways for virus resistance.By contrast,a cytosolic RNA receptor protein, RIG-Ⅰ(retinoic acid inducible gene-Ⅰ),has recently been identified for recognition of the viral RNA.

在真核生物体内，除了定位于内吞体膜上的TOLL样受体能够识别入侵机体的病毒RNA，启动机体抗病毒的固有免疫反应外，近年来发现了另一种能够识别病毒RNA的细胞质内受体——RIG-Ⅰ。

As an immunomodulator NO may play a role like a double-edged sword since it expresses both in immuonchalleged and immunosspresed states. 2. After received external stimulus the morphology of ependyma of SFO could be changed and varied with time course, particularly its cellular apoptosis do occur and earlier than the ordinary areas of the brain. 3. Astrocytes in SFO could express cFos protein induced by LPS, suggesting the cells may maintain homeostasis in the brain in a longer period and modulate immune state of the brain. 4. As a CVO, SFO may sense changes of blood-bearing immunosignals earlier and instantly response to them, thus as one of windows of the brain SFO do take part in immunomodulation within the brain.

通过我们的实验结果我们可以得出这样一些初步的结论：1、一氧化氮作为免疫调质参与了机体免疫，它既能在免疫激发状态下又可在免疫抑制状态下进行表达提示，NO在脑内免疫调节中的作用可能是双向的。2、穹窿下器的室管膜形态在接受外界刺激后，随着时间的变化而不同，扫描电镜下的凋亡形态虽需进一步证实，但室管膜细胞确实发生了凋亡，并且穹窿下器发生的较早。3、穹窿下器内的星形胶质细胞在给予大肠杆菌后确实可以表达c-fos蛋白，并可能通过自身的激活来较长时间的维持体液的动态平衡，调节脑内免疫状态。4、穹窿下器作为感受性室周器官之一，能够较早的感受血携免疫信息的改变并及时作出反应，可能作为外周免疫信息进入脑内的窗口之一来参与脑的免疫调节。

The calculational results are in good agreement with the X-ray data and show that different substitute group results in different charge distribution, the exocyclic sulfur atom has the biggest negative charge value and this site is the most likely site of protonation and methylation as well as the potential coordination site with metallic ions.

计算结果与X-射线衍射数据相符合，并显示虽然不同的取代基导致了不同的电荷分布，但四唑环外的硫原子总是具有最大的负电荷分布，从而使其成为最有可能的质子化、甲基化及与金属离子进行反应的点位。

The characteristics of the acoustic response of AⅠneurons to the frequency of pure tone were investigated with extracellularly recording.

使用微电极在体胞外记录方法研究了SD大鼠AⅠ区神经元对纯音频率的反应特征。

P.. The light-evoked responses and spontaneous discharges of single neuron were recorded extracellularly from the contralateral area 17 of visual cortex.

采用电生理的胞外记录法，观察了电刺激杏仁体对视皮层 17区单个神经元的光反应及自发放电活动的影响。

Abstract］Objective:To analyse the adverse drug reaction of high dose methotrexate in treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic extramedullary leukemia.

目的：分析比较进口与国产甲氨蝶呤在预防治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞髓外白血病过程中不良反应的发生率。

In patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and in children, the response to treatment is best assessed clinically. Follow-up radiographic examinations are usually unnecessary and may be misleading.

在肺外结核还有儿童治疗反应应根据临床评估，胸部x光追踪通常是不必要而且是可能会误导的。

This study investigated the relationship between cough reflex sensitivity and laryngeal dysfunction, which was assessed as paradoxical vocal cord movement and extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness, in patients with chronic cough.

本试验通过反常声带运动和胸腔外气道高反应性研究慢性咳嗽患者咳嗽反射敏感性与喉功能异常之间的关系。

PART 2:The molecular mechanisms of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae induced inflammatory response in respiratory epithelial cells Objective:Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzaewas traditionally considered as an extracellular pathogen in respiratory infections.In this study,we established a model of infected cells to confirm NTHI was also a facultatively intracellular pathogen.Mitogen activated protein kinasesare the important signal transduction pathway in mediating inflammatory response induced by NTHI in respiratory epithelium.In this study,we elucidate the impact of NTHI,and its SCF and EP on the expression of MAPK and subsequent proinflammatory mediators.

第二部分：NTHI致呼吸道上皮细胞炎症反应的分子机制研究目的：通过建立呼吸道上皮细胞株的体外NTHI感染模型，确认NTHI在细胞内的存活，观察NTHI及其组分(可溶性胞质成分SCF、外膜蛋白EP)对呼吸道上皮细胞MAPK信号传导通路和后续的前炎症因子表达的影响，并应用特异性ERK-MAPK抑制剂U0126、p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580特异性阻断下游MAPK信号传导通路，观察它们对呼吸道上皮细胞分泌前炎症因子表达的影响。

The study of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that the strain 32-11-2-2 was a slight halophilic strain; it had the morphological characteristics of a continent Bocillus and could produce amylase, fluidify glutin; and it also showed a positive reaction in the litmus milk test. The 16S rDNA analysis showed the strain 32-11-2-2 had a 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis.

结果：分离得到421株细菌，包括活性菌株54株，其中活性菌株32-11-2-2是一株弱嗜盐菌，具有陆地芽孢杆菌的形态特点，能产生胞外淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶，液化明胶、石蕊牛奶反应阳性，16S rDNA序列分析该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌同源性达到98%以上。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。