夏孢子

Rust is a main disease on Zoysia Willd., it can destroy lawn sight and uredinia stain shoes and clothes of individuals walking on zoysia rust affected turf, even made people hypersusceptibility.

锈病是结缕草属植物上的重要病害，使草坪景观遭到破坏，散出的夏孢子污染游人的衣物，甚至导致过敏，极大地影响了人们对草坪的利用，而目前只是通过定期的喷施农药来进行锈病的防治，既不利于人们的健康，又对环境带来负面影响。

Times the water extract of mulberry leaves can inhibit spore germination of wheat rust fungi summer.

桑叶15倍水浸液能抑制小麦锈病菌夏孢子发芽。

These powder is summer rust spores and teliospore.

这些粉状物就是锈菌的夏孢子和冬孢子。

On the basis of determining their resistant spectrum, CY21, CY23, CY27, CY29, CY30, CY31, CY32, Su-11, Su-14 were used to investigate the resistant components at seeding stage, such as latent period, infection efficiency, uredinium length, sporulation capacity, period of spore production and severity. Also, two equal weight races' mixture CY27:CY30, CY27:CY31, CY27:CY32, CY31:Su-4, CY30:Su-11 were continued to reproduce six generations of Libellula and Xiannong 4 respectively, and the ration changes of each race were tested.

在抗性谱测定的基础上，采用CY21、CY23、CY27、CY29、CY30、CY31、CY32、Su-11、Su-14等9个条锈菌菌系，分别测定其苗期潜育期、侵染频率、夏孢子堆长度、产孢强度、产孢期以及严重度，同时将CY27：CY30、CY27：CY31、CY27：CY32、CY31：Su-4、CY30：Su-11等5个等量混合菌系组合分别在里勃留拉和咸农4号上继代培养6代，测定各小种在组合中的比例变化。

The changes include:(1) Put the urediniospores into the tube with two steel balls and 1. 6 g/L Chelex-100,the uredinia may be picked up with airing host tissues.(2) Add KOH into the extraction buffer instead of NaOH and vortex the tube violently for 30 min.(3) Prick a hole under the bottom instead of picking out of the steel balls, then centrifuge the tube to toss the liquid into the sheathed tube.

改进的 内容包括：(1)在有二钢珠和1.6 g／L Chelex的离心管中加入夏孢子，夏孢子可以来自带有风干寄主叶肉组织的夏孢子堆；(2)在离心管中加入KOH而不是NaOH，然后剧烈斡旋30 min；(3)将离心管管底穿一小孔，套上一新离心管，短暂离心甩出内容物。

The impacts of urediniospore activity, concentration of hydrochloric acid and physiological races of rust fungi on protoplast shrinking were also studied.

研究还发现叶锈菌和秆锈菌夏孢子活力、盐酸浓度等对夏孢子原生质体浓缩状况有很大影响，且与病菌生理小种有一定的关系。

The minimum accumulation occurred at 96 h, at which transcripts were only 0.07 fold of that in uredinisopore. During incompatible interaction between Pst and wheat, PsCdc2 was down-regulated and its accumulation was lower than that in urediniospore.

在非亲和组合中，该基因表达基本呈下调趋势，在接种后各个时间点的表达量均低于在夏孢子中的表达量，其中接种后12 h时表达量最高，但仅为夏孢子中表达量的0.34倍；接种后96 h表达量最低，为夏孢子中表达量的0.02倍。

Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that in compatible interaction between Pst and wheat, PsCdc2 was up-regulated at early stage of infection. The maximum induction occurred at 12 hpi, at which transcripts were 1.62 fold over that in urediniospore. From 24 to 268 hpi, the accumulation of transcripts decreased steadily.

实时荧光定量RT-PCR结果表明，在亲和组合中，该基因在条锈菌接种小麦的前期上调表达，其中接种后12 h时表达量最高，约为夏孢子中表达量的1.62倍，接种后24-268 h，基因表达基本呈下调趋势，其中96 h基因表达量最低，仅为夏孢子时期的0.07倍。

Grape rust bacterium is in cold region with wintry spore live through the winter, spore of summer of the generation after catching is invaded first, fission of summerly spore caboodle comes loose a many summer spore, travel through air current, there are water and appropriate temperature on blade, summerly spore grows a gemma, invade blade through air hole.

葡萄锈病菌在严寒地区以冬孢子越冬，初侵染后产生夏孢子，夏孢子堆裂开散出大量夏孢子，通过气流传播，叶片上有水滴及适宜温度，夏孢子长出芽孢，通过气孔侵入叶片。

Mix in tropics semi-tropical, summerly spore piles annual to all can happen, go round and round, jump over summer or live through the winter with summerly spore.

在热带和亚热带，夏孢子堆全年均可发生，周而复始，以夏孢子越夏或越冬。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。