复杂群

When the ratio of ignorant dropped to 1/r , the proportion of knowledge disseminators reached the maximum, and then the proportion of communicators tends to decrease, ratio of ignorant monotone decreasing.

本文又从以企业为企业集群网络节点的角度，在复杂网络统计理论的基础上，研究了聚类系数与特征路径长度及模块化对集群网络知识传播的影响。

There are 6kinks of loop bedding, such as smooth polliwog shape, horsetail or pinch-and-swell loop, associated with syn-sedimentary microfracture, catenarian loop bedding group, spindle loop bedding group and loop bedding with a slungshot as core in the studied area.

研究结果表明，济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理类型多样，形态复杂，计有光滑圆环状及蝌蚪状带"小尾巴"的环状层理、马尾丝或串珠状不规则环圈的环状层理、与阶梯状微断裂伴生的环状层理、链条状环状层理群、纺锤型环状层理群和中心为"飞石"环圈较光滑的环状层理等6种。

Make further study of basic principle of ant algorithm, overall analysis and set up mathematic model for it, including transfer probability calculation, time and space complexity, realization problem, advantages and disadvantages and so on.

并从解的质量、时间/空间复杂度、实现难度、算法的优点及不足之处等各项指标对蚁群算法进行全面的分析，并以TSP(Travelling Saler Problem，旅行商问题)为例，介绍了蚁群算法在路径优化问题领域的应用。

Then, it studies the supply chain management system as a complex system to confirm the state existing during operating of the system. After that, it conducts a probability analysis on the state which the system located by applying supplement variable method, and establishes the model of distributed parameter system in a form of partial differential equations. Combining C0 ? semigroup theory in the functional analysis, it conducts a dynamic analysis on the established mathematical model. Using this method, it obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution and the steady state solution, and proves the uniqueness, non-negativity and the asymptotic stability of the system solution. This dissertation applies the Matlab tool and uses two-step, three-step Simpson integral equation to imitate the condition of system solution. Then, it adds possible mode of failure and the optimization adjustment state to the system, based on which it has established the distributed parameter system model which is described by partial differential system of equations. Combining the functional analysis C0 ? semigroup theory, it studies the established mathematical model, and obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution system and the steady state solution. It has proven the existing of uniqueness of the system solution, the asymptotic stability of system solution and the system solution. In addition, it has lying the theory rationale for further analysis and the research on the optimization of system.

本文首先简要综述了供应链理论、可靠性研究、鲁棒性研究以及供应链鲁棒性研究的现状；然后，将供应链系统作为一个复杂系统来分析，确定了系统运行过程中所经历的状态，通过引入补充变量的方法，建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论得到了系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统解存在的唯一性、非负性和指数阶渐近稳定性；并借助Matlab工具，利用二阶、三阶辛普森积分方程模拟系统解的性态，并给出系统动态解的仿真图；本文又对上述系统增加了系统可能失效状态和优化调整状态，并在此基础上建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，同样用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论对所建立的数学模型进行了研究，得到系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统动态解存在的唯一性、非负性及渐近稳定性，为进一步分析和研究供应链优化奠定了理论基础。

In Chapter 2,we first generalize a waterman inequality by usering Clliffordmatrix represenation of n-dimensional 〓 transformation group 〓.

在第二章中，我们研究了关于离散群的一些不等式。首先，我们利用CHifford矩阵研究了〓上的〓变换群不等式，给以一定的限制条件，通过大量复杂的、技巧性计算，改进了Wateman不等式。

There are 6kinks of loop bedding, such as smooth polliwog shape, horsetail or pinch-and-swell loop, associated with syn-sedimentary microfracture, catenarian loop bedding group, spindle loop bedding group and loop bedding with a slungshot as core in the studied area.

研究结果表明，济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理类型多样，形态复杂，计有光滑圆环状及蝌蚪状带&小尾巴&的环状层理、马尾丝或串珠状不规则环圈的环状层理、与阶梯状微断裂伴生的环状层理、链条状环状层理群、纺锤型环状层理群和中心为&飞石&环圈较光滑的环状层理等6种。

Collective behaviors are important emergent phenomena in complex systems,from which macro- scopic spatiotemporal or functional structure will emerge via interactions between microscopic individuals.

复杂系统中的集群行为是复杂系统涌现性的重要表现之一，它通过微观个体之间的相互作用，在宏观上表现出一定的时空或功能有序结构。

Savolainen thought that there were at least six founders existing in the origin center, because clade A structure was too complicated to decide how many founders were contained in it.

另外，在Savolainen等人的研究中，由于支系A的结构非常复杂，因而无法判断其中包含了几个建群者，所以在他们的结论中只是笼统地给出，现代家犬的起源—线粒体DNA的研究起源中心的母系建群者不少于6个。

Application makes clear as a result, CWMS can improve group management efficiency effectively, the difficulty that reduces group management and complex degree.

应用结果表明，CWMS能够有效地提高集群管理效率，降低集群管理的难度和复杂度。

In order to solve dynamic, complicated and uncertain problems, multi-agents based distributed intelligence decision support systems, description and decomposition of complicated decision tasks, and cooperation and reasoning among multi-agents are elaborated in this paper. The details are given as follows. 1. Agent and ABDIDSS modelsIn allusion to the current problems of research on agents theory models, payoff and probability factors are introduced on the basis of mental state models of classical BDI of agent and joint BDI of multi-agents in this paper, mental state models of individual agents and joint metal state models of group agents based on payoff and probability factors are built up. Introducing payoff and probability factors satisfies requirements of uncertainty and self-benefit of agents to the environments.

本文针对动态的、复杂的以及不确定问题，以基于多Agents的分布式智能决策支持系统及复杂决策任务的描述与分解、多Agents之间的协作与推理机制为研究内容，具体的研究内容如下： 1、Agent和ASDIDSS模型针对当前多Agents理论模型研究存在的问题，文章在经典Agent的BDI以及联合BDI等心智状态模型基础上引入效用与概率因子，建立基于效用与概率因子的个体Agent的心智状态模型以及群组Agent联合心智状态模型，引入效用与概率因子满足Agent对环境的不确定性以及自利性的要求。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。