复杂

Conventional radiochemical methods such as alpha spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, liquid scintillation system, fission track and gamma spectrometry for the quantitative determination of neptunium and plutonium often require complicated and time-consuming sample preparation and separation procedures.

研究环境中铀、镎、钚等长寿命放射性核素的精密测定，对保护公众安全和保护环境，对了解核设施的历史操作情况和现状，都具有重要意义。环境样品基体复杂，铀、镎和钚等锕系元素含量非常低，在复杂的生态条件下，这些核素常常具有复杂多变的化学形态，要准确测定其含量，必须要有灵敏可靠的检测方法。

The interpolate algorithms of three-order NURBS curve and double three-orders NURBS surface are presented. The expressions of partial derivative and normal curvature of NURBS surface are derived by the theory of differential geometry. The geometric characteristics of different curvature area of the free-form surfaces are analyzed in detail. All these work lays a theoretical foundation for constructing the cutter location calculating model of free-form surfaces NC machining. 2 On the basis of analyzing the methods of cutter path generation, the standard of evaluating the various methods of cutter path generation is presented. The method of generating cutter path with constant scallop height is presented for the first time.

本文以提高复杂曲面多坐标数控加工精度和加工效率为目的，在对国内外研究现状进行深入分析的基础上，对数控编程中各环节的关键技术问题进行了深入研究，主要内容包括以下几方面： 1 分析了复杂曲面各种造型方法的优缺点，给出了根据各种边界条件所确定自由曲面的NURBS表示方法以及三次NURBS曲线曲面反算算法；用微分几何理论推导了NURBS曲面的偏导矢及法曲率计算表达式；对曲面不同曲率特性区域的几何特征进行了深入分析，为建立复杂曲面的数控加工刀位计算模型奠定了理论基础。

In this article, the authors review the short history of CPS study in German and update the characteristics of CPS, including dynamics, complexity, opaqueness and time delay. Then a comparison is made between CPS and decision making, including naturalistic decision-making and dynamic decision-making.

本文介绍了复杂问题解决研究的发展历史，总结了复杂问题解决情境的特征，包括动态性、复杂性、模糊性以及时间滞后性，进一步比较了复杂问题解决与自然决策和动态决策的差别。

The importance of macroscopic and sythrtic approaches,Especially information entropy approach,in study of complex systems are pointed out.Moreover,the information entropy based intelligent control and decision of complex svstems are discussed.

然后探讨了复杂系统的方法论，指出从统一和普适观点出发的宏观综合方法特别是信息熵在复杂系统研究中的重要性，进而讨论了基于宏观信息熵的复杂系统的智能控制与决策。

In the following two cases:(1)gcd=1;(2) N=p〓, where p denotes the characteristic of the finite field GF, by using the factorization of the polynomial in finite field, the counting function N〓 is showed, the expected value of the linear complexity E〓 is determined, and a useful lower bound on the expected value of the k-error linear complexity E〓 is established.(7) The stability of the lattice structure for pseudorandom number sequences is put forward.

利用多项式的因式分解等简单工具，研究了任意有限域GF上，周期N与p互素以及N ＝P〓这两种情况下，计数函数N〓，的值，即线性复杂皮为c的N-周期序列的个数，并给出了线性复杂度的数学期望E〓的值以及k-错线性复杂度的数学期望E〓的一个有用的下界，这里p表示有限域GF的特征。

In the following two cases:(1)gcd = 1 ;(2)N = p~v, where p denotes thecharacteristic of the finite field GF, by using the factorization of the polynomialin finite field, the counting function N_(N,0) is showed, the expected value of thelinear complexity E_(N,0) is determined, and a useful lower bound on the expectedvalue of the k-error linear complexity E_ is established.(7) The stability of the lattice structure for pseudorandom number sequences is putforward.

利用多项式的因式分解等简单工具，研究了任意有限域GF上，周期N与p互素以及N = p~v这两种情况下，计数函数NN，0 的值，即线性复杂度为c的N-周期序列的个数，并给出了线性复杂度的数学期望EN，0的值以及k-错线性复杂度的数学期望EN，k的一个有用的下界，这里p表示有限域GF的特征。

Jamesonite, marmatite, pyrrhotite and pyrite are the complicated and mutiple-metal sulfide resources to process difficultly in Dachang Mine. Research on the basic theory of flotation electrochemistry and on potential-controlled flotation technology of the sulfide resources can be helpful to develop some new flotation theory and technology of the complicated and mutiple-metal sulfides, and to utilizate comprehensively the mineral resources, and to lower their production cost, and to improve the economical benefits. It is of important theoretical and practical significance.

脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿是大厂特有的难分离、难处理的复杂多金属硫化矿物资源，对其进行浮选电化学的基础理论和电位调控浮选技术研究，可发展复杂多金属硫化矿物浮选分离理论，形成复杂多金属硫化矿物浮选分离的创新技术，加强矿产资源的综合利用，降低成本，提高经济效益，具有重要理论意义和现实意义。

Considering the coupling connections among the functional cells and their complicated relationships,such as connection in series, in parallel and in both of them and so on, as well as among the sub-structures, a computerized conceptual design method is given out for mechanical systems based on the function decomposition and recomposition method.

考虑了功能元之间的联结关系和子结构之间的串联、并联、复合等复杂关系，给出了一种基于功能分解与重组的计算机化的机械系统概念设计方法。根据功能元之间的联结关系和子结构之间的复杂关系，利用该方法可以得到有限数量的原理方案，避免了形态矩阵方法在处理复杂机械系统时出现的解爆炸问题。

The systems of machining complex curved surface by means of WEDM are classified to establish the main kinematics theories of machining complex curved surface by means of WEDM By analyzing various systems of machining complex curved surface by means of WEDM, the combination, characteristics, motion parameters and motion types of them are summarized And a model system of the is established according to the basic principles of the forming of ruled surface in spatial analytic geometry.

主要内容及取得的成果体现在以下几个方面：为了建立复杂曲面电火花线切割运动学的主要理论，本文对复杂曲面电火花线切割加工系统进行了分类，并分析总结出各种复杂曲面电火花线切割加工系统的组成、特点、运动参数及运动形式。

And they also relate to the high level requirements such as complicated logical calculation, distributed application deployment, gradually and sectionally implementation.

纷繁复杂的应用系统涉及到多种复杂的应用环境、多种操作系统平台和多种数据库平台等，还涉及到复杂的逻辑运算、分布式的应用部署、分阶段分部门的具体实施等高级需求。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。