壳的

The cylindrical shell of open circumambience with both ends simply supported and the cylindrical shell with clamped ends are analyzed, then the cylindrical shell of close circumambience with simple support and the other end clamped along straight edges are analyzed.

分析了两端简支的封闭圆柱壳、两端固定的封闭圆柱壳和两端简支直边固定的开敞圆柱壳的振动特性，同时研究了环向半波数对圆柱壳固有频率的影响，并给出了不同边界条件的振型图。

By using of the first order shear deformation shell theory, the strain-displacement relationships were presented.

采用Hamilton原理、压电理论和层合板壳的一阶剪切变形板壳理论，推导了压电层合板壳系统的运动方程。

By using o f the first order shear deformation shell theory, the strain-displacement relat ionships were presented.

采用Hamilton原理、压电理论和层合板壳的一阶剪切变形板壳理论，推导了压电层合板壳系统的运动方程。

Simulation result of the experiment shows that unloading and recovery process of PTCS is not consistent with the local stress redistribution and concentration.It can be divided into four phases:1.local stress unloads first in the middle of PTCS;2. stress continues to unload near the incident bar.3.Stress continues to unload near the transmission bar,the first and second layer PT buckling rumple disappear;4.the whole PTCS vibrates elastically.

对具体冲击实验的数值模拟结果表明：相变柱壳的卸载恢复过程在柱壳结构中是不均匀的，伴随着壳体局部应力释放和局部应力集中，可以分为以下四个阶段：1、柱壳中部发生弯曲变形的壳体应力首先释放，2、靠近入射杆端的壳体应力继续释放，3、靠近透射杆端的壳体应力释放，第一层与第二层相变屈曲皱褶消失，4、柱壳整体弹性振动。

The geometry of these particles was analyzed by both particle size analysis , TEM and FT-IR , and was found to be perfecty spherical , and sized about 50 nm that PS core was well covered by PPy shell . The core-shell latices become unstable when the amount of PPy increased .

就PS-PPy颗粒的结构形态而言，由微粒径分析及TEM分析得知其粒径约50nm左右，制备的核壳颗粒呈均匀的圆球状，并由FT-IR光谱分析证实了PPy壳将PS内核完全包覆，只是当PPy壳的相对量增加时会对核壳乳液的稳定性造成负面影响。

The 16 noded relative degree of freedom shell element is discussed and used to mesh the blades of the runner.

考虑到16结点相对自由度壳元能很好地描述薄壳和厚壳的性质，而且和三维实体单元的联接也相当方便，本文采用该种单元对水轮机叶片进行离散，并通过样条插值获得叶片有限元网格结点的三维坐标。

It shows that the average thickness of the surface layer of crystals,the palisade and cone layer and the eggshell membrane are 20.8,220.8 and 62.5μm,respectively,which accounting for 6.8%,72.6% and 20.6% of the total thickness of the eggshell.There are many vesicular holes in palisade layer with an average diameter of(0.32±0.08)μm(n=30).The function of such holes may be of significant to air exchange.The shape of eggshell pore on the surface layer of crystals is round or ellipsis.The fracture surface of the pore is funnel-shaped.

结果表明：白冠长尾雉卵壳的表面晶体层、栅栏锥体层和壳膜层的厚度分别为20.8，220.8和62.5μm，分别占卵壳总厚度的6.8%，72.6%和20.6%；栅栏层有很多蜂窝小孔，其直径为(0.32±0.08)μm(n=30)；卵壳表面有许多圆形或椭圆形的气孔，可能与胚胎发育过程中的气体交换有关，气孔横断面呈细漏斗状，在其上半部有颗粒状填充物。

When the thickness of asbestos board is about 30 mm, the shell temperature can be controlled within 360℃, the thermal expansion stress of the shell is only 50 % of those without asbestos board, and this can help reduce the creep deformation rate of .

对中小型转炉提出了加隔热层石棉板降低炉壳表面温度的方法，并对重钢80t转炉炉身段进行了温度场及热应力分析，结果表明：当石棉板的厚度为30mm左右时，炉壳温度就能控制在360℃以内，炉壳所受到的热膨胀应力仅为没加石棉板时的50%，有利于降低炉壳的蠕变变形速率。

In order to enhance the stability of single layer dome, Vierendeel dome was presented by employing lattice bar.

为了提高单层网壳结构的稳定性，将格构式压杆引入单层网壳，提出了空腹网壳的概念。

This is done with nut-cracking machines and provides one of the only sources of income for women in the area.

去壳依靠开壳机，开壳的工作对于当地的女性来说，是唯一收入来源。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。