壳板

The concept of topology optimization of truss structures with discrete variables including two kinds of variables and the relative difference quotient algorithm for discrete optimization are extended to the topology optimization of plate and shell structures composed by plate and shell elements.

将包含两类变量的桁架结构拓扑优化设计的概念及求解离散优化的相对差商法进一步推广到由板壳单元组成的板壳结构的拓扑优化，建立了包含两类变量的板壳结构拓扑优化设计模型，并采用相对差商算法进行求解。

By using of the first order shear deformation shell theory, the strain-displacement relationships were presented.

采用Hamilton原理、压电理论和层合板壳的一阶剪切变形板壳理论，推导了压电层合板壳系统的运动方程。

By using o f the first order shear deformation shell theory, the strain-displacement relat ionships were presented.

采用Hamilton原理、压电理论和层合板壳的一阶剪切变形板壳理论，推导了压电层合板壳系统的运动方程。

In this dissertation, the concept of plate-cone reticulated shell is put forward inductively and the development history of this kind of structures is reviewed.

本文归纳提出板锥网壳结构的概念并系统回顾了这类结构的发展历程；根据板锥网壳结构的构成特点，给出了这类结构的可能形式，并对其进行分类，探讨了板锥网壳结构的成形技术及选型原则。

The method according to claim 6, for manufacturing a blade wherein a part external to the shell comprises a blade rooting part having at least one attachment bar, in which an end portion for linkage to a hub of said rotor is fitted with a laminate attachment, also comprising thermoplastic composite, and extending said at least one spar bar housed in the shell, the method further comprising the step of producing the elementary piece comprising the at least one spar by producing each attachment bar and the spar bar in the form of a strip of continuous and unidirectional reinforcing fibres which are agglomerated by said thermoplastic matrix, obtained by pultrusion at a melting temperature of the matrix, of several plies of continuous and unidirectional fibres which are agglomerated by said matrix, and, if said rooting part comprises at least two attachment bars, each one of which respectively extends one spar bar, in superimposing parts of corresponding strips forming the spar part housed in the shell, with interposition of at least one ply of continuous and unidirectional fibres which are agglomerated by said matrix between the adjacent superimposed strip parts, and fitting a removable tool, in the shape of a wedge, between parts held spaced from each other of two neighbouring strips, to form two attachment bars of the rooting part, then arranging the strips in a mould, and inserting each linkage end portion of a pultruded strip between two laminate elements of the attachment, to superimpose all the laminate elements of the attachment, closing the mould and compacting its contents under pressure and at a melting temperature of said thermoplastic matrix, and solidifying the matrix by cooling to rigidify the spar thus obtained with the laminate attachment solidly attached to its rooting part.

该方法根据索赔六，制造业刀片其中的一部分，罐壳外部包括一个叶片生根的一部分，拥有至少一个实习酒吧，在其中一结束部分为联系枢纽的说，转子是带有附件的层压板，也包括热塑性复合材料，并延长说，至少有一石酒吧住在蚬壳公司，进一步组成的方法步骤，生产初级一块组成的至少有一个SPAR公司生产每个附件的酒吧和酒吧在SPAR公司的形式，带不断加强和单向纤维是由烧结说，热塑性矩阵，得到的拉挤在熔化温度矩阵，数层的连续和单向纤维是由烧结说，矩阵，如果说，生根部分组成，至少有两个实习酒吧，每个人都分别延长一石酒吧，在叠加部分，相应的带形成的SPAR公司的一部分，居住在蚬壳公司，与干预的至少有一单层连续和单向纤维是由烧结说，矩阵之间的毗邻叠加条形零件，及装修一个可移动的工具，在形状，离间，部分之间举行的间隔从对方的两个邻国带，形成两个附件酒吧的生根部分，然后安排带在一个模具，并插入每个联系年底部分一拉挤带之间的二板的要素扣押，叠加所有层压板的要素扣押，关闭模具和压缩其内容的压力下和在熔化温度说，热塑性矩阵，并巩固矩阵冷却 rigidify该SPAR公司，从而获得与层压板的附着牢固重视其生根的一部分。

It is found that for the same volumetric flow rate, the pressure drop in the shell side of the curved baffle heat exchanger is remarkably lower than that of the traditional one. And the pressure drop percentage deceases even more for a smaller curvature radius of the curved baffle and height of the baffle cut.

结果发现：在流量一定的情况下，曲面弓形折流板换热器的壳程压力降明显低于普通弓形折流板换热器的壳程压力降，而且随着曲面折流板曲率半径和折流板圆缺口高度的减小，曲面弓形折流板换热器的壳程压力降降低的百分比增大。

On the basis of analyzing the hulling methods and principles for general agricultural crop materials,combined with physical and mechanical properties of rapeseed,a hulling method of two-time striking was developed.

在此脱壳装置上进行的油菜籽脱壳试验结果表明，两次撞击法脱壳率大于75%，粉末率小于5%；随着油菜籽含水量的增加，脱壳率和粉末率降低；打板在主轴上的安装位置和打板高度均有最佳值。

Based on the equipment,test results showed that:hulling rate was more than 75% and powder rate was less than 5%.With an increase of rapeseed moisture content,hulling rate and power rate were increased.The fixed position on delivering axis and height of the striking board had the best value.

在此脱壳装置上进行的油菜籽脱壳试验结果表明，两次撞击法脱壳率大于75%，粉末率小于5%；随着油菜籽含水量的增加，脱壳率和粉末率降低；打板在主轴上的安装位置和打板高度均有最佳值。

When the thickness of asbestos board is about 30 mm, the shell temperature can be controlled within 360℃, the thermal expansion stress of the shell is only 50 % of those without asbestos board, and this can help reduce the creep deformation rate of .

对中小型转炉提出了加隔热层石棉板降低炉壳表面温度的方法，并对重钢80t转炉炉身段进行了温度场及热应力分析，结果表明：当石棉板的厚度为30mm左右时，炉壳温度就能控制在360℃以内，炉壳所受到的热膨胀应力仅为没加石棉板时的50%，有利于降低炉壳的蠕变变形速率。

Plate cone reticulated shells are a new type of space structures.

引 言板锥网壳结构是一种半连续化、半格构化的新型空间结构，它是由板片组成锥体单元，按空间网壳结构的曲面形状，将锥体单元通过底边拼接成整体，各锥顶再用杆件有规律地相互连接，以形成板锥网壳结构体系。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。