壳

A series of 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan with different degree of quaternarization and molecular weight were prepared.

采用不同反应和降解条件制备了一系列不同取代度和不同分子量的羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖。

The strata in this section cover three lithostratigraphic units, seven conodont zones, five ammonoid zones and three bivalve zones. Two normal and two reversed magnetic polarity zones as well as the cyclic sequences corresponding to the Milankovitch climate periods driven by the Earth's orbit are well recognized in the lower part of the section.

该剖面包括3个岩石地层单元、7个牙形石带、5个菊石带、3个双壳类带；在剖面下段地层中识别出2个正向磁性带和2个反向磁极性带；与地球轨道天文周期相对应的Milankovitch气候沉积旋回也可以明确地辨认；碳氧同位素δ13C演变呈现两次大的旋回。

So it may be inferred that the protolith of the amphibolite is the product of different degrees of partial melting of the mantle in a magma arc.

显示出壳源性质或者是受到大陆下地壳的混染作用而形成。

By using the OP-10/JFC/ amyl alcohol non-ionic compound emulsifier as stabilizer, about 12% organosilicon was appended after the pre-polymerzation of MA, n-BMA, and MAA acrylate monomer was performed and the temperature was decreased to 62℃, and then the pH value was controlled in 7~8 after the polymerization.

结果表明，以OP-10聚醚渗透剂JFC/戊醇非离子复合乳化剂为稳定剂，在MA、n-BMA、MAA丙烯酸酯单体形成预聚体后降温至62℃，加入12%左右的有机硅单体，反应结束后控制pH值7~8，微乳液具有良好的稳定性，乳胶粒具有翻转型的核－壳结构。

Research on techniques for the synthesis of ACR impact modifier with core-shell structure;2. Preparation of polymer-tungsten-silica composite microspheres with multi-layer core-shell structures;3. Organosilicon-acrylate micro emulsion with core-shell structure was synthesized with OP-10,JFC and amyl alcohol nonionic compounded emulsifier by means of seeded emulsion polymerization.

运用种子乳液聚合工艺以OP-10/JFC/戊醇非离子复合乳化剂合成了具有核-壳结构的有机硅-丙烯酸酯微乳液，研究了复合乳化剂类型、丙烯酸酯单体、有机硅单体加入方式和含量、pH值、硫醇对微乳液聚合过程中稳定性和光泽度的影响，通过差示扫描量热仪和透射电镜对微乳液的结构进行了表征。

Organosilicon-acrylate micro emulsion with core-shell structure was synthesized with OP-10,JFC and amyl alcohol nonionic compounded emulsifier by means of seeded emulsion polymerization.

运用种子乳液聚合工艺以OP-10/JFC/戊醇非离子复合乳化剂合成了具有核-壳结构的有机硅-丙烯酸酯微乳液，研究了复合乳化剂类型、丙烯酸酯单体、有机硅单体加入方式和含量、pH值、硫醇对微乳液聚合过程中稳定性和光泽度的影响，通过差示扫描量热仪和透射电镜对微乳液的结构进行了表征。

The effect of ultrasonic on hydrolysis for chitosan with α-Amylase was studied in this paper.

研究了超声波条件下α-淀粉酶对壳聚糖的降解情况。

Meanwhile, proper addition of the rice brans using quantity is also an effective way for reducing the amylum content and the acidity.

加大糠壳用量也是降低淀粉含量和降酸的措施之一，但应控制量。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Peraluminous grarfites in Tibet occurred in a stage of collision between two continental crustal plates and the magma originated from anatexis of the upper crust.

喜马拉雅过铝花岗岩是陆内俯冲的岩石学记录，而冈底斯带过铝花岗岩更可能是特提斯洋壳北向俯冲的岩石学响应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。