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Phylogenetic analyses based on individual data sets indicated that all of the families of Fagales are monophyletic, but some of the deepest branches are unresolved or only weakly supported.

壳斗目的八个科分为三支：南青冈科Nothofagaceae是基部分支；壳斗科Fagaceae接着分出；核心高等金缕梅类(core&higher&hamamelids)聚为一支，这三支也都得到了强支持。

The results were summarized as follows:1 Four cpDNA trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB sequences analysis The chloroplast trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB sequences from 31 species representing nearly all genera of Fagales (sensu APG, 2003) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the order.

主要内容包括：1 基于四个叶绿体DNA序列的分析以金缕梅属Hamamelis和朴树属Celtis为外类群，对壳斗目几乎所有属的代表共31种植物的trnL-F、matK、rbcL和atpB序列进行了测定，通过四个序列单独和联合分析，得到如下结果：除rbcL基因树由于信息位点少而分辨率较低之外，壳斗目各科作为单系类群在各种分析中都得到了较强的bootstrap支持。

Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea , Castanopsis , Fagus , and Formanodendron ), without endosperm; embryo large.

雌花序有1-7朵花或更多花，聚生一壳斗内，壳斗为多数苞片愈合而成，雌花花被1-7或更多；雌蕊1；子房下位，3-6室(-9)；花柱、子房室和心皮同数中轴胎座每室2胚株果为一坚果种子通常单生（但是可能在Castanea，Castanopsis，Fagus 和Formanodendron里超过1个），没有胚乳；胚大。

The result shows that the chitosan can increase the the amount of effective tiller, then the yield of both of cultivars of Zizania caduciflora is enhanced markedly, and the concentration of 45mg/L of the chitosan has the best effect. The activity of POD in leaves and the content of sucrose in product can be increased after using the chitosan, and the change of the chlorophyl content could be abated and the effect has a long duration, and the furthersome effect of chitosan on the activities of the CAT and the APX lasts in the prophase and the midphase of growth.

结果显示壳聚糖的使用对单季茭和双季茭的有效分蘖数都有增加作用，从而明显提高茭白产量，并且均以45mg/L的浓度效果最好，其使用能显著提高两种类型茭白生长期叶片中POD酶的活性以及茭体中的蔗糖含量；壳聚糖对茭白叶绿素有缓和变化波动的作用且持效久，对茭白CAT、APX酶活性的促进作用只在处理前中期有效；而对株高和A.A。

Tiarina fusus increased only when Stenosemella nivalis decrease, which indicates there are some kind of competition mechanism between them.

富磷更有利于大个体浮游动物的生长和竞争优势。并额蟹和细壳虫之间存在某种竞争抑制，并额蟹在细壳虫密度较低时才会快速成长。

Optimized the preparation of chitosan hydrogel technological conditions, and the result indicated that: the hydrogel with best quality can be gotten, with the chitosan quantity 1 g, the formaldehydevolume 0.2 mL, the gelatination temperature 50℃.

通过试验优化制备壳聚糖水凝胶的工艺条件，试验结果表明：当壳聚糖量为1 g，甲醛体积为0.2 mL，凝胶化温度为50℃时，制备得到的水凝胶质量优良。

As far as its main characteristics, it transformed from consanguineous state to geostrategic state, and from noble hierarchical sovereignty system to sovereignty system of centralization of state power as well.

在孔子的国家学说中，由于受传统的政治价值观的束缚，神灵观念仍作为一种&壳&被保留着，在&壳&底下不仅覆盖着旧的内容，也有一部分新内容。

West Sarawak, which located in the Northwest of Kalimantan island, geotectonically underwent geosynclinal, platform periods and now in diwa process. The geological and structural features of Lupar River regionhe west part of West Sarawak?

位于加里曼丹岛西北部的西砂捞越地区，大地构造经历了地槽、地台和地洼三个演化阶段，西砂捞越西部卢帕河地区的地质构造特征代表了自晚白垩世到渐新世期间北东洋壳对南西陆壳的汇聚挤压作用。

The binding capacities of the water-soluble chitosan and its derivatives to taurocholate and glycocholate as bile salts were investigated in vitro.

修饰后的壳聚糖结合胆酸盐的能力增强，说明引入更多的胺基或铵基有利于对胆酸盐的结合，胺基上烷基与胆酸盐的甾环之间也应当产生疏水相互作用；同样我们在体外也研究了水溶性壳聚糖及其衍生物对硬脂酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠的结合能力及其影响因素。

Three differential protein bands were revealed between the gynogenetic silver crucian carp and gonochoristic color crucian carp.

以雌核发育银鲫和两性生殖彩鲫的成熟卵为材料，分离卵壳，经处理得到卵壳可溶性蛋白组分。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！