壳

There are two types of maturation according to our observation.One is nucleocapsids obtained its tegument in the nucleus and enveloped from the inner nuclear membrane.Another is nucleocapsids entered cytoplasm through nuclear membrane,then obtained their tegument in the cytoplasm,enveloped from the plasma membrane,finally released by necrosis,exocytosis or other ways.

病毒成熟有两种方式：一为细胞核内核衣壳在核内获得皮层，通过核内膜获得囊膜成为成熟病毒；二为核内核衣壳通过内外核膜进入胞浆，核内和胞浆内的核衣壳在细胞浆中获得皮层，然后在各种质膜上获得囊膜，最后成熟病毒通过细胞破裂或其他方式释放到细胞外。

For the development of protein drugs and the research of biochemistry, it is significant to probe the interaction between chitosan and protein, and to observe changes of adsorption when both of them contact at interface. Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy is an effective technique to investigate protein adsorption at interface.

壳聚糖对蛋白质有良好的亲和能力，研究蛋白质与壳聚糖在界面上的相互作用、理解蛋白质与壳聚糖分子在界面接触时的吸附过程变化对蛋白药物的开发和生物化学研究具有非常重要的意义。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

Extraction, purification process and stability of the pigment of chestnut shells were explored. The results showed that this pigment dissolved easily in alkaline solution, but undissolved in noapolar solvent.

该文以板栗壳为材料，研究板栗壳色素的提取、纯化工艺及纯化色素的稳定性，为板栗壳色素的推广应用提供理论基础和实验数据。

Watchcase with gold-plated or stainless steel shell pretending K gold shell, it only play 18K , but can not play icon could feel his hands on both the proportion of not the same.

表壳镀金或不锈钢壳冒充K金壳，只担当18K金，但不能播放图标都可以感受到的比例不一样，他的手。

According to the results of IR and XRD, two main mechanisms lead to the formation of cross-linked chitosan microspheres: one was the Schiff base reaction and hydrogen bond formation, the other was the acetalization.

结合IR光谱和XRD测试，分析了壳聚糖交联固化成球的机理：壳聚糖和香草醛之间所发生的Schiff碱反应和氢键的形成以及缩醛化反应，以此为基础共同形成交联结构从而使壳聚糖交联固化成球。

It is concerned with the optimal design of cylindrical shell on minimax deflection and minimal compliancy with arbitrary axisymmetrical boundary conditions and radial pressure, under the condition of the volume being constant.

研究在任意轴对称边界条件下和任意轴对称分布载荷作用下体积保持常数的圆柱壳的两类优化设计问题：极小化圆柱壳的最大挠度和极小化圆柱壳的柔度。

Through simple correlation and progressive regression analysis, with circs of leaves growth, sets up the mathematical simulation model between diameter, height growth of Calophyllum inophyllum L. and meteorological conditions, educes the appropriate meteorological conditions indexes of Calophyllum inophyllum L..

通过简单相关及逐步回归分析，建立了红厚壳的围径、株高生长量与气象条件间的数学模拟模型，结合红厚壳叶片的生长情况，得出了红厚壳生长适宜的气象条件指标。

Carboxy methyl chitosan which has a good water-solubility, moreover has stronger antibacterial activities than chitosan.

为了提高棉织品的抗菌保健功能，已有不少壳聚糖改性研究工作，如羧甲基壳聚糖，它不仅具有较好的水溶性，而且比壳聚糖具有更强的抗菌性。

In this paper, using multi rigid dynamics, by considering the match motion of the shooter s body, the automatic motion, floating and the rifle, a launch dynamic model is established for caseless rifle .

采用多刚体系统动力学理论，考虑人体、自动机、浮动体与全枪的耦合运动及自动机循环各阶段的运动与碰撞，建立了高频浮动新结构无壳弹枪在卧姿有依托状态下的发射模型，通过数值模拟，得出三发点射状态下无壳弹枪的发射特性，并与常规自动步枪作了比较，分析了无壳弹枪性能的优越之

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。