声学语音学

The traditional experimental phonetics is classified into three branches: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.

传统实验语音学的研究包括发音语音学、声学语音学和听觉语音学三个分支。

Chapter Two Further Study On Two Types of Tone Sandhis Supposed by Traditional Dialectology The further study is relied on the research of F0 and elapsed time, and more phonetic dealing with the original data.

对这一问题的分析将基于论文第一章所论述的上海方言单音节声调和两类变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长两因素），以及在这两个基本声学特性上所作的语音学意义上的对数据的进一步处理。

In DHMM-based speech recognition, vector quantization permits the measure to phonetic similarity among speech representations to be shared if the acoustic distance among them is below some given threshold.

在基于DHMM语音识别中，若语音帧声学特征间的距离测度在给定的范围内，矢量量化为这些语音帧共享相同的语音学相似测度提供了可能。

The dissertation contains three chapters: Chapter One Phonetic Study On Tones and Tone Sandhis At first, the author introduces the traditional dialectological description and analysis on the tones and tone sandhis of the Shanghai dialect.

先介绍传统方言学对上海方言声调的描写与分析，再用现代语音学的方法，对上海方言的单音节声调和两类双音节连读变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长）作出描写和分析。

The history and current situation of research in speech recognition are proposed all-sidedly and systematically. We probe into such topics about acoustic features, phonetic features, phonologic features and auditory perception in terms of related theory and disciplines. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze focus in current theoretical and technical aspects of speech recognition and immediately put an insight into challenge to speech recognition presently, even in a long time.

论文全面、系统地介绍了国内外语音识别的发展历史和发展现状，结合相关学科的知识，分析了语音声学特征、语音学特征、音系学特征及其语音感知等有关问题，分析并总结了目前语音识别理论和技术实现方面的研究重点以及目前、甚至在相当长的时期内语音识别面临的挑战。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

They are articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics.

发音语音学，听觉语音学，声学语音学

Acoustic phonetics : the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.

声学语音学，对语音物理属性的研究。

Acoustic phonetics -the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.

声学语音学：研究语音的物理特征。

Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics provides an accessible yet rigorous introduction to basic acoustics, audition, signal processing, and the acoustic theory of speech production.

声学和听觉语音学提供了一个基本的音响，音，信号处理，可访问而严格的引进和生产的讲话声理论。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。