声学上

We can't think of any reason, structurally or acoustically, why oil is bad for a guitar.

不论从结构上还是声学性能上说，我们都想不出任何道理说明油对吉他不好。

Chapter Two Further Study On Two Types of Tone Sandhis Supposed by Traditional Dialectology The further study is relied on the research of F0 and elapsed time, and more phonetic dealing with the original data.

对这一问题的分析将基于论文第一章所论述的上海方言单音节声调和两类变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长两因素），以及在这两个基本声学特性上所作的语音学意义上的对数据的进一步处理。

The natural vocalizations of non-passerine(Columbia livia domesticus, Chicken), sub-oscinepasserine(Melopsittacus undulates. Psittacula Agapornis), Oscine passenon and the vocalizations of sub-oscine passerine(Melopsittacus undulates, Psittacula Agapornis) after sectioning NXIIts were recorded by SHARP GF-6060 recorder. Cooledit2000, an acoustic analyzing software, was used to produce the original wave and it\'s expanded time windows, sonograms, spectrums and power static histograms. To distinguish the acoustic differences of their natural vocal and to find the changes of sub-oscine passerine\'s song after sectioning NXIIts, the above results is acoustically analyzed and compared, expecting to provide some advantage to further explaining the mechanism of vocal production.

本实验以非鸣禽，亚鸣禽以及鸣禽为实验材料，记录其正常叫声以及亚鸣禽断NXIIts后的叫声，用Cooledit2000声音处理软件制出原始信号及其展开图，声图，频率谱图以及能量统计分布图，并对所得结果进行声学比较分析，以期得到鸣禽、亚鸣禽及非鸣禽叫声在声学特性上的差异，以及亚鸣禽在断神经后叫声的声学变化，旨在为进一步解释其发声机制提供帮助。

The word-to-sound rule and the structure of a speech database are modified during the implementation of TTS system, and then a filter algorithm based on part-of-speech is proposed to solve the polyphone problem. Prosodic research on Chinese characters plays a great role in speech recognition and speech synthesis system. In order to improve the naturalness of a speech synthesis system, the relationship among the sentence structure, the length of a sentence and the breath boundaries is analyzed and a breath boundary assigning algorithm based on such relationship is put forward. In addition, the author analyzes the process of a speech synthesis system and builds a prosodic markup language suitable for Chinese speech synthesis.

呼吸群边界划分作为汉语韵律的一种表现方式，它在语音感知和文语转换系统的性能方面起着十分重要的作用，作者在对汉语句法结构、句子长度和和呼吸群划分之间关系的研究基础上，设计并实现了基于句子长度和句法结构的呼吸群边界划分算法；为更好地描述文语转换过程，作者提出了适合汉语语音合成的SSML韵律标注语言，该标注语言不仅从声学层上对语音的韵律进行描述，而且从语言学层上标注句法结构信息，最后本文对基于语言理解的韵律规则用SSML进行了描述并用实验验证了语言学层面的标注对系统自然度的影响。

Emphasis is laid on the research progress in the field of new generation speech synthesis technology contributed by USTC iFlytek speech laboratory, which includes integration articulatory and acoustic features for improving the flexibility of acoustic parameter generation; a minimum generation error criterion proposed to replace maximum likelihood for improving synthesized speech quality; use of unit selection and waveform concatenation to replace parametric synthesizer, thus effectively avoiding the limitation of speech quality in HMM based parametric synthesis.

重点介绍中国科学技术大学讯飞语音实验室在发展新一代语音合成技术中的贡献，包括：融合发音器官参数与声学参数，提高声学参数生成的灵活性；以最小生成误差准则取代最大似然准则，提高合成语音的音质；使用单元挑选与波形拼接方法取代参数合成器重构，从根本上改善HMM参数语音合成器在合成语音音质上的不足。

Then, the relation between vibration and sound, the acoustic holography method, the indeterminacy and identifiability of BSS, the BSS algorithm are discussed in detail. Based on above researches, the dissertation is divided in following four sections. The first section investigates the BSS algorithm suitable to acoustic feature separation. The algorithm of the joint approximate diagonalization of eigen-matrices is proposed. The spectra or the time-frequency distributions of source signals are the interesting features in ABD and they are separated from mixing signals by JADE algorithm. Then, the convolutive mixing model is transformed into a high-dimension instantaneous mixing model, and the deconvolution of source signals is achieved by the joint approximate block diagonalization of eigen-matrices. The proposed algorithm has a global minimum, and it is unsensitive to noise interference.

论文首先概述国内外声学诊断研究进展与盲分离研究进展，给出机器噪声声场与盲分离的数学描述，讨论了声振辐射、声全息、盲分离模型、盲分离可解性、盲分离结果不确定性、分离算法等基本问题，在此基础上，论文的研究工作分为以下四个部分：第一部分研究适用于声学特征分离的盲分离算法，提出基于特征提取的联合近似对角化盲分离算法，该算法以频谱特征或时频特征作为分离目标，从混合信号中分离源信号频谱特征或时频特征，最大限度地保留了与声学特征提取有关的频谱特征或时频特征，采用模型变换把卷积混合模型变换为一个高维瞬时混合模型，通过联合近似分块对角化算法实现源信号频谱特征与时频特征的盲反卷积。

The same position of the first plurality and the same position of the second plurality may be the only point on the first and second plurality of acoustic drivers joinable by a straight line.

所述多个第一声学驱动器的相同位置和所述多个第二声学驱动器的相同位置可以是所述多个第一和多个第二声学驱动器上的能被一条直线连接起来的唯一点。

The finite element method and electro mechano acoustic method are used to analyse the mechanical performance,sensitivity,and frequency response of the condenser microphone .

针对所研制的电容式微传声器在理想模式下的工作原理，建立了有限元分析模型和声电模型，从理论上分析了器件的机械性能、灵敏度以及频响特性，得出了结构优化的设计原则，即要想得到高灵敏度的微传声器器件，必须考虑采用尽可能小的空气隙厚度和声学孔尺寸以及具有较小内应力的声学振膜。

First , a syllable-based Taiwanese speech recognition system was implemented. And the effect on the recognition performance of the syllable with entering tone was carefully exiamined. Based on the linguistics knowledge, the syllable with entering tone in database was re-labeled according to the tone sandhi of Taiwanese in order to improve the recognition rate. In addition, Kullback Leibler distance between the acoustic model before and after re-labeling was examined to verify the linguistics knowledge.

在论文中首先针对台语语音特性入声调的部份深入研究，我们由confusion matrix去分析入声调对辨识系统的影响性，且根据语言学上的知识修改文字拼音资料库，使得训练出来的声学模型更为可靠，进而提升辨识率；并利用Kullback Leibler distance去观察声学模型在修改前与修改后之间的差异。

Based on the violin, cello and double bass for the same position on the fingers rubbing strings rolling away from comparison and analysis of acoustic patterns; means single and double string rubbing rubbing means of acoustic string playing patterns and specific examples of analysis and comparison; refers to rub in the two-string Mixing strings with a single means to achieve the same sound, the string in the rubbing action on the comparison, so as to demonstrate the two-finger chord rubbing means smaller, the palm of your hand for a small, in the string rubbing speed, rubbing the string action is better than the single rate means the string rubbing , and can also increase the need for greater low-double bass string, the bit rate of rubbing

本文通过对小提琴、大提琴和低音提琴进行在同一把位上揉弦的手指滚动距离比较和声学图谱分析比较；进行单指揉弦和双指揉弦的声学图谱和具体演奏实例分析和比较；在双指揉弦与单指揉弦达到同样音响效果的情况下，在揉弦动作上的比较，以论证双指揉弦对于手指较细、手掌窄小的人来说，在揉弦速度、揉弦动作幅度上优越于单指揉弦，并且还可以根据需要更大程度上加大低音提琴低把位揉弦的幅度。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。