声学上

Speech and Language Development in Children; Acoustic Analysis of Children's Speech .

儿童语言和表达能力的发展。儿童语音在声学上的分析。

Though /s/ sounds in both languages are auditorily the same, are they acoustically the same?

虽然两个语言中的/s/听起来相同，但是这两个音在声学上的表现相同吗？

Features High, Low, Back, and their Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates.

描述高、低和后的发音特征，以及它们在发音学和声学上的关联。

Modal analysis of an acoustic system can determine its natural frequency and show the distribution of the acoustic quantities in space, give the knowledge about the way that the acoustic system responses are affected when changes are made in the excitation sources or in the domain geometry, and provide valuable information for the noise control of closed three-dimension domain.

通过对声学系统的模态分析，可以得到其固有频率以及在此频率下声学量在声场空间上的分布，了解到声源及声场空间几何参数的变化对声学系统的相应的影响，为三维封闭空间的噪声控制提供了依据。

Unscented transformation is used to improve the performance of extended kalman filter in the field of automatic control because it can reach accuracy of second order linear approximation. UT compensation can make us to estimate more accurate noisy acoustic model parameters corresponding to static feature of speech and we also proposes several kinds of engineering implementations to improve the efficiency up to six times faster than usual implementation of UT compensation.

针对声学模型参数在噪声环境下非线性变化的补偿问题，现在国际上广泛使用的PMC和VTS声学模型参数补偿算法只能达到其线性展开的一阶近似，所以本文通过使用自动控制领域用来提高扩展卡尔曼滤波器性能的称作Unscented Transformation的技术，可以达到对声学模型参数非线性变化的二阶近似，得到的声学模型参数更加精确。

The obvious sonic benefits to this asymmetrical coverage are that, when properly used, PS systems significantly reduce the amount of ambient, reverberant energy caused when loudspeakers misdirect their output towards walls and ceilings.

这种非对称覆盖在声学上的优点为：使用正确的话，可大幅减小了环境性的反射

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

Extensive foreign accent studies have long recognized the crucial role of second language (L2) prosody to successfully convey linguistic and pragmatic meaning in exchanges with native speakers. However, much less work has been dedicated to the prosodic differences in fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, and duration between Taiwanese advanced English speakers and native English speakers. In order to bridge the gap, the present thesis (1) compares the acoustic features between compounds and phrases,(2) compares the acoustic correlates in English compound and phrasal stress between NNG and NG, and (3) examine if NNG can differentiate compounds from phrases.

中文摘要本研究的所探讨的问题有三个，第一，比较英语复合词及片语重音在声学上的差异，尤其是在重音节上的比较；第二，比较台湾高等英语学习者在英语复合词及片语重音上与以英语为母语的外国人有什麼声学上的差异，此声学上的差异又分为三大类：音高(F0)、音量、音长，下又细分成14个参数；第三，我们也探讨台湾高等英语学习者是否能在声学特质展现区别复合词与片语的现象。

Thumping good fun in many ways, but sonically it's not as rounded as it ought to be to keep pace with some highly competitive rivals

在许多方面极其之好，但声学上它不够象它应该做到的那样得全面，以保持与一些高竞争对手并驾齐驱。

This is by no means a mediocre receiver – the surround steering is good, and it creates a well-focussed soundstage – but sonically, it just isn't quite the finished article.

该功放绝非等闲之辈：对环绕声有良好的掌控力同时创造出一个凝聚力非常好的音响舞台，但声学上说，它只是不是那么一件经过精雕细琢的器件。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。