声学

Due to their special network structures and larger specific surface area, the carbonized aerogel is widely used in the field of mechanics, acoustics, electricity, calorifics and optics.

由于其独特的网络结构和高比表面积，使得碳气凝胶在力学、声学、电学、热学以及光学等领域都有潜在的应用价值。

After esterification by BTCA Acoustic properties of picea sitchensis Carr.andChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI were changed,(treated/untreated ratio):Loss tangentdecreased 10～2424% in the tangential ofpicea sitchensis Carr,9～17% and 10～22% in thetangential and radial directions of Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.Specificdynamic Young's modulesand acoustic radiation coefficient of two wood changedunremarkably,in the tangential direction with increment of ASE.Specific dynamic Young'smodulesincreased 3～9% in the radial direction.tgδ/E of decreased 9～27% intangential of picea sitchensis Carr,7～14% and 10～26% in the tangential and radial directions ofChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.

BTCA酯化处理西特克云杉和美国扁柏木材的声学性能发生了变化，处理材与未处理材比值，损耗角正切tgδ：西特克云杉纵向下降10～24％，美国扁柏下降纵向9～17％，径向10～22％；比动态弹性模量E/ρ：两种树种的纵向变化均不明显，随着ASE上升变化不规则，美国扁柏径向上升3～9％；声辐射阻尼的变化类似于比动态弹性模量E/ρ的变化；tgδ/E：西特克云杉纵向下降9～27％，美国扁柏下降纵向7～14％，径向10～26％。

In order to decrease the error rate of speech recognition, speaker adaptation techniques are often used to adjust speaker-dependent acoustic models. MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression) and MAP are two of the most popular techniques in recent years. MLLR uses the technique of regression trees. It calculates the transform matrix for each leaf node of the tree. This makes it possible to use fewer sentences to decrease the error rate of HMM-based speech recognition. However, while we examined the recognition result, we found that although the overall error rate decreased, but the error rate of certain confusable phones was higher. In order to solve this problem, we propose the use MPE (Minimum Phone Error Discriminative Training) to solve this problem.

在语音辨识技术的实际应用上，语者调适技术常被用做调整语者无关之声学模型，使其对於特定语者之辨识率有所提升，常见的语者调适技术有最大化相似度线性回归（Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression），其精神在於透过对语音辨识模型相近的mixture做群聚，再对各个群聚做调整，以期能达到利用少量语料，提升辨识率的目的，但其缺点为，在发音上相近的模型，其mixture原本就极为近似，若再分类为同一群聚做调整，容易因为使用者的发音习惯，而使模型偏向ㄓ或ㄗ，因此虽然整体的辨识率获得提升，但却造成混淆音的错误率上升。

Shortly after the Dadaist movement, electronic and acoustic media began to merge.

在达达主义之后的一个短时期，电声及声学媒体开始融合。

The soundscape evaluation focuses on the effects of various acoustical, environmental, social, demographical, psychological, cultural and behavioural factors, as well as the main factors that characterise the soundscape, and the investigations are mainly based on the soundscape surveys in Europe and China.

其中声景评价重点研究各种声学、环境、社会、人口、心理、文化和行为因素对声景质量的影响，以及描述声景的主要因素，这部分研究主要建立在一系列在欧洲和中国进行的声景调查的基础上。

The dissertation contains three chapters: Chapter One Phonetic Study On Tones and Tone Sandhis At first, the author introduces the traditional dialectological description and analysis on the tones and tone sandhis of the Shanghai dialect.

先介绍传统方言学对上海方言声调的描写与分析，再用现代语音学的方法，对上海方言的单音节声调和两类双音节连读变调的声学特性（基频F0和时长）作出描写和分析。

The relationships among simulated objective acoustics parameters are discussed and analyzed. The experimental results of Chinese speech intelligibility are compared and analyzed under diotic and dichotic listening conditions with earphone and loudspeaker reproduction. The relationships between Chinese speech intelligibility scores and objective acoustics parameters are also studied and analyzed under above two listening conditions.

通过软件仿真，探讨分析仿真结果之间的关系；比较分析了采用耳机、扬声器重放在双耳无差别听闻和双耳有差别听闻条件下的汉语语言清晰度主观评价结果；探讨、分析客观声学参数与两种听闻条件下的汉语语言清晰度得分之间的关系和规律。

A guide to the Electroacoustic Music Studios at University of Birmingham, UK.

在英国伯明罕的大学一个关於电声学音乐工作室的指南。

This umbrella heading cites research from any one of these perspectives as it has influenced the study of electroacoustic music.

这个伞状标题正是围绕着上述所提到的理论观点，以及它们对电子声学音乐所产生的影响而展开的研究。

A recent CDROM on electroacoustic music, dedicated to musical teaching in schools has had more than 10000 copies commercialised.

一种电子声学作曲软件。GRM也致力于保护现代音乐的创作成果，每年都有大量光盘出版。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。