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The CFD method was applied to calculate and simulate the form and action process of the cavitation at the representative character of the cavitation erosion on the surface of the hydraulic turbines.Some argumentation was presented that micro jet impacted the wall with a certain degree when bubble collapsed with the result that the maximal strain of the wall annularly distributed the local of the boundary touching the micro jet.Cavitation was gradual to develop regionally at the mode of chain reaction and di...

针对水轮机叶片表面气蚀的典型特征，利用CFD方法进行仿真计算，模拟气蚀形成和作用过程；根据模拟计算结果提出了新观点：空泡溃灭发生微射流以一定的倾角冲击壁面，壁面材料产生的最大应变在流束边界局部区域，呈环状分布；空泡气蚀在局部区域是渐进的，以"连锁反应"形式扩展，具有一定过流环境的分布特征；典型的冲蚀缺陷形貌是空泡气蚀在不同阶段的产物。

Numerical simulations were carried out to study the effect of reversible work and viscous dissipation on the heat transfer characteristics of compressible fluid flow in microtubes.

利用数值方法讨论了压力功和粘性耗散对微细光滑管内可压缩流动换热特性的影响，得出以下结论：微细管内 Ec沿管长是变化的，仅依据入口处的 Ec对压力功及粘性耗散的作用进行取舍是不确切的；等热流及等壁温换热条件下的计算结果显示，在入口 Ma及长径比较大时，考虑压力功及粘性耗散时得出的 N u要小于常规尺度管的理论值，在等壁温情况下，甚至出现了热流方向发生变化的情况

Based on equations of continuity and momentum balance in the liquid-solid circulating moving bed reactor,a stress distribution model was established to study stress distribution and flow patterns in the reactor,which took into account weight of liquids,buoyancy of liquids to solids,supporting force of wall in conical bed and friction force of wall.

为研究循环移动床反应器的应力分布和颗粒流动状态，建立了由流体相及固相质量连续方程和动量守恒方程组成的循环移动床反应器模型，考虑了流体质量、流体对固相产生的浮力、锥形床边壁对颗粒的支撑作用以及壁面摩擦力的影响。

The experimental investigation demonstratesthat (1) the critical perforation energy of pressure pipelines (D/H=15) with pressure OMPa under lateral impact of flat-nose and spherical-nose indenters ranges from 2~3%,the critical perforation energy of empty pipelines is higher 1 ~2% than pipelines filled in water without pressure.

实验研究结果表明：(1)当管梁内注满水，预加工作内压P=0MPa时，对于径厚比D／H=15的厚壁圆管，在平头弹体和球形弹体两种弹体冲击作用下临界穿透破坏能量的降幅在2～3％之间：锥头弹体冲击厚壁空管的临界穿透能量比充水预加内压为P=0MPa的圆管高1～2％：(2)充水管道的预加内压提高，临界穿透能量有一定降低。

objective to observe the protective effect of qiliqiangxin capsule in rabbit heart ventricle reconstitution of chronic heart failure.methods using the method of giving rabbit abdomen aorta half ligations to build the chronic heart failure model to observe qiliqiangxin capsule the effect to blood flow mechanics index,room wall thickness,heart exponent and heart ventricle reconstitution biochemistry index.results qiliqiangxin capsule could reduce effectively bp,lvsp,lvedp,t wave,improve room wall thickness and heart exponent,reduce angii and alt,all the paramenters ahd notable difference,composed to those of model group (p＜0.05,p＜0.01).conclusion qiliqiangxin capsule can improve the blood flow mechanics change of chronic heart failure rabbit,which has notable inhibitory action on heart ventricle reconstitution which originate from chronic heart failure.inhibition of ang ii,alt of immune nerve endocrine system may be a mechanism of qiliqiangxin capsule.

观察血流动力学、标志心室重构的室壁厚度及心脏指数及肾素―血管紧张素―醛固酮系统相关生化指标的变化。结果芪苈强心胶囊可有效降低血压、左室压、左室末期舒张压、t波，改善室壁厚度和心脏指数，降低血清血管紧张素ii及醛固酮水平，与模型组比较均有显著性差异(p＜0.05，p＜0.01)。结论芪苈强心胶囊可改善慢性心力衰竭兔血流动力学的变化，对慢性心力衰竭引起的心室重构具有显著抑制作用，其机制可能与该药发挥抑制神经内分泌免疫系统rass中angii、ald的水平有关。

The contrast hot test of the copper cooling stave with different cooling channels was done in the hot test whole-scale furnace which is designed by the authors.

在自行设计的1：1热态试验炉上对不同孔型的铜冷却壁进行了热态对比试验，对试验结果作了传热学分析，提出优化铜冷却壁水流通道断面设计的方法，优化后的水流通道可以达到强化传热和减少铜料消耗以及节约冷却水用量的目的。

The measurements in the ship tank and the wind tunnel show that there are no obvious differences between the mean profiles of turbulent boundary layers at the rigid wall and the compliant wall, but the turbulence intensity of the turbulent boundary layer near the compliant wall is higher than that near the rigid wall.

中文摘要：船池和风洞的热线热膜测量表明，刚性表面和柔性表面湍流边界层的平均速度型无明显差异，但柔性壁面的湍流边界层的壁面附近有较高的湍流强度；两者的相干结构有明显的不同特征。

Methods Twenty-two pieces of temporal bone were taken for this study. The mastoid cavity was opened, scutum removed,"bridge" broken down, posterior wall of external auditory canal abraded and the related anatomic structures were fully exposed. The distance between the origin of facial nerve canal and the anterior border of round window （ OOFNC-ABORW ）, between the highest point of the facial nerve canal and the bottom of posterior mastoid sinus,and between the stapes head and round window niche was measured under operating microscope.

方法取成人颞骨22侧（左右各11侧），用耳科钻磨开乳突腔，去上鼓室盾板、断&桥&，磨低骨性外耳道后壁，充分暴露相关结构，在手术显微镜下测量面神经管垂直段起始部前缘至圆窗龛前缘的距离、面神经管最高点与后鼓室底壁之间的距离、锥隆起的高度（即锥隆起基底到锥隆起顶端的距离）、镫骨头至圆窗龛前缘的距离。

So that the channel immediately exit valve seat to prevent the rapid expansion of body wall and the wall suffered cavitation damage, and for Water in the needle valve, the expansion chamber diameter of 1.5 times the diameter of including pull back the export channel, including length of 8 times the diameter when subjected to cavitation can be avoided.

使紧接阀座出口端的通道急剧扩大可防止阀体壁和管壁遭受气蚀损坏，对用于水厂中的针形阀，其扩大腔室的直径为管径的1.5倍，包括出口退拔在内的通道长度为管径的8倍时，可避免遭受气蚀。

One of the foremost rock climbing areas in the world is Yosemite valley, and one of its premiere climbs is the ascent of El Capitan. While a number of routes are possible up the sheer face of this 3,000-foot granite monolith, the most famous remains the first: the Nose, straight up the Big Wall.

优胜美地谷是世界上最有名的攀岩圣地之一，其中最大的岩壁就是El Capitan；在这险峻的岩面有几条路线可以爬上这三千英呎的花岗石柱，最有名的一条就是Nose，直直的爬上这个岩壁。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。