墩基础

In the railway engineering, the method of cofferdam construction is usually adopted in the bridge base, pier and abutment in deep-water.

铁路工程中，深水处的桥梁基础、墩台多采用围堰施工。

Based on large quantity of investigation and study of bridges in small town and comprehensive collection of existing research documents in and beyond the country, the fundamental statement of bridges in small town is generalized in this paper. At the same time, the present main problems of bridges in small town are pointed out. According to the characteristic of small town, the factors such as regional differences, economy, function, safety, landscape and environmental protection that affect the selection of bridge type in small town are analyzed. Based on those factors, the adaptable bridges, the types of bridge pier and abutment as well as common types of affiliated facilities for small town are put forward.

通过大量的小城镇桥梁调查研究，并在广泛收集国内外已有研究资料的基础上，总结出小城镇桥梁的基本现状，指出了小城镇桥梁目前存在的主要问题；根据小城镇的特点，分析了地域区别、经济、功能、安全、景观和环保等因素对小城镇桥梁桥型选择的影响；基于小城镇桥梁现状和桥型选择的影响因素，提出了小城镇适应性桥型和墩台结构类型以及附属构造常用型式。

MOTC Directorate General of Highways, Xie Zhexiong:"We deepen the foundations, so no matter how low the riverbed gets, we're still underneath it. Then we make the pillars thinner, so they're less susceptible to fierce currents. The advantage of substructure replacement is it's cheap, and lasts forever. Finally, during construction the bridge can stay open."Alternative to thick bridge piers?

公路局第二区养护工程处课长谢哲雄：「我们把基础加深，深了以后河床再怎麼降低，还是在河床下面，然后我们的墩柱再稍微减细，减细以后它受的攻击坡会比较少，换底工法的好处就是节省经费，也就是永久的，最后在施工的时候，桥上的车子照样通行。

A comprehensive review and expectation about researching status in quo and development trends of viscous flow numerical simulation technique are given in this paper and grids generation methods, numerical computation methods, turbulent model and moving boundary simulation methods are the emphasis study in the paper. On the basic of above job a mathematical model of simulation turbulent flow with free surface is established and triumphantly applied to numerical computation on 2D spillway and 3D spillway with frusta of brake.

本文针对粘流场数值模拟技术的研究现状和发展动态作了比较全面的回顾与展望，重点研究了网格生成技术、数值求解技术、湍流模型技术和动边界模拟技术，在此基础上建立了模拟自由面湍流场的数学模型，并成功地应用到二维溢流坝和带闸墩的三维溢流坝过坝水流的数值计算。

The bored piles 2.8 m in diameter and 120 m in length were adopted in the foundation of D13 frusta under a bridge.

杭州湾跨海大桥南航道主墩(D13)基础采用直径2.8m、长120m的钻孔灌注桩。

In regard of the problems of large holes to be bored, deep boring into rock and complicated rock layers in construction of bored pile foundations of in\|water piers of main spans of Wuhu Changjiang River Bridge, selection and structural features of cutter heads and hobs of the boring equipment used are described.

针对芜湖长江大桥正桥水中墩钻孔桩基础施工中存在的孔径大、钻岩深、岩层复杂等问题，阐述钻孔设备中刀盘和刀具的选用要求及结构特征。

Combined with experience in the past,it introduces the constructing methods of slanting stone arch bridge from aspects including basement process,basic construction,pier construction,arch support and arch circle construction.

结合以往的经验，从地基处理、基础施工、墩台施工、拱架、拱圈施工等多方面就斜交石拱桥的施工方法进行了详细介绍，并通过工程实例进行了说明，可供类似工程参考。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失