墩

In this paper the features of constructional details and behaviors of double thin-wall piers of continuous rigid frame bridges were firstly analyzed. According to the condition of deformation compatibility, a relationship between the inner forces on the coping of pier and the single inner forces of the double thin wall pier was established.

本文首先从双薄壁墩的结构和受力特点出发，根据主梁与双薄壁墩的共同变形协调条件，建立墩顶内力与双薄壁桥墩单墩内力之间的关系，考虑强度和稳定约束，建立基于通用有限元程序的双薄壁墩墩中距和壁厚的优化数学模型。

Eventually Sun took two spades, three hearts, three diamonds and two clubs for an overtrick.

最终，孙茗得到了2墩黑桃、3墩红心、3墩方块，以及2墩梅花，定约超打1墩。

This model analyses the controlling sections of moment of flexure, strain, shear, displacement against spar boom and pier shaft., and matches the measured value and calculated value of crosswise enlarge coefficient and shear lag phenomena. The testing section allocation against combination and pier ground is approached.

并对高墩大跨径连续刚构桥梁的墩梁结合处、墩底等受力比较复杂的区段进行截面的定位研究，由此提出此类高墩大跨径预应力连续刚构桥梁进行荷载试验时，纵桥向选取测试截面及横截面布设测点方式的一般建议。

There are many cross-section forms in this bridge style. The form of double thin-wall piers is popularly used among of them. The key problem is how to choose the thickness of one single pier and the distance between two single piers from center to center. Depending on technical experience or trial analogism, the conventional technical methods have some limitations.

在大跨径连续刚构桥桥墩截面形式中，双薄壁墩又是较常用的一种截面形式，其设计的关键问题是如何合理的选择双薄壁墩的墩中心距和壁厚，传统的技术方法是凭借经验或类比试算来决定墩中心距与壁厚，具有一定的片面性。

In order to analyze vertical bearing behavior of belled pier foundation, three groups of project examples of belled pier in different engineering geological conditions are chosen.

为分析扩底墩基础的竖向承载性状，本文选取了三组不同工程地质条件下的扩底墩基础工程实例，分别建立了扩底墩墩土接触三维非线性有限元数值模型，可以发现计算与实测结果基本吻合。

The wave is the core problem of low Fr. current .In order to make diffluent piers with low ridge to be popularized and applied, the surface wave of low Fr. current is chosen as the research object .We measure the surface wave elements and the velocity distribution of various diffluent piers scheme by the experiment of physical model. We also analyze the average wave height, the the average value of the square of wave , unit width of the waves energy , the probability density distribution of wave height ,and the power chart character, so as to reveal the weakening wave mechanism of the diffluent piers .

低Fr水流的核心是波浪问题，为了低坎分流墩的推广应用，本研究以低Fr水流的表面波浪作为研究对象，通过物理模型试验，对各种分流墩方案消能工的下游水面波浪要素、流速分布进行测试，分析低坎分流墩下游波浪的平均波高、均方根、单宽波能、波高概率密度分布及功率谱特性变化规律，从而揭示了低坎分流墩的削波机理。

In the process of the solid parts of hollow pier construction, hole is reserved in the pier wall, solid steel corbels is installed in the hole as vertical support piers for the top construction of cast in place solid pier .

结合桥梁施工实例，介绍在施工薄壁空心桥墩墩顶实心部位时，采用在墩壁预留孔，孔内安装钢棒牛腿作为现浇实心墩顶的竖向支撑，进行空心墩顶部实心段施工的工艺。

To increase the construction process of rigid bridge hollow thin wall high pier ,it puts forward the large mode design method in the construction of hollow thin wall high pier ,and mainly discusses the process of mode design and the checking calculation combined with the practice,and this solves the problems of accelerating the construction of pier.

为了提高刚构桥空心薄壁高墩墩身施工进度，提出了在空心薄壁高墩施工中的大模板设计方法，并结合实例对模板设计的过程和验算进行了主要论述，有效解决了加快墩身施工进度问题。

3D integer model of spillway and frusta of brake are established and numerical computation of 3D viscous flow over spillway is completed. The influence of frusta of brake for design parameters such as shape of free surface,pressure on dam,flux coefficient is computed aim at type of frusta of brake and disposal on dam and compute result of different type of frusta and disposal model is compared.

6通过建立溢流坝和闸墩的三维整体模型，完成了对三维过坝水流粘流场的数值计算，针对闸墩的型式及在坝面的布置计算了闸墩对水面线形状、坝面压力、流量系数等设计参数的影响，并将不同墩型与布置形式的计算结果进行比较。

The result show that the position of free surface is higher because of frusta of brake, especial obvious in the head of frusta of brake; flux coefficient and pressure on dam are quite influenced by type of frusta and 3 A type frusta of brake relative to 2 type frusta of brake has bigger flux coefficient and smaller pressure on dam; Obvious influence of ability of discharge flow for different ratio of thickness of frusta and breadth of brake and pressure on dam reduces with increasing ration of thickness of frusta and breadth of brake, while bigger flux coefficient is obtained when tlb = 0.2.(7)The 3D free surface turbulent model established in the paper is comparatively well and truly simulates 3D flow over spillway with frusta of brake and series waterpower computation can be completed aim at different type of dam, type of frusta and disposal on the dam and different water height on peak of

结果表明，闸墩河海大学博士论文的存在抬高了水面线的位置，其中在闸墩头部尤其明显；墩型对流量系数和坝面压力影响较大，3A型闸墩相对于2型闸墩具有更大的流量系数和更小的坝面压力：不同的墩厚闸宽比t/b对泄流能力也将产生显著的影响，随着墩厚闸宽比的增加，坝面压力降低，而当t/b二0.2时溢流坝具有更大的流量系数。7本文建立的三维自由面湍流场模型能够比较准确地模拟带闸墩溢流坝三维过坝水流湍流场，可以针对不同的坝型、墩型、坝面布置形式以及不同的坝顶水头完成系列水力计算，为泄水工程建筑物的设计提供可靠的分析依据

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。