增殖体

The double membrane vesicle, which was produced by budding of the outer membrane of amyloplast, accumulated starch to form new amyloplast. The double membranes of amyloplast invaginated and the inner membrane dilated to form new amyloplast in the amyloplast.

淀粉质体增殖产生新淀粉质体有多种方式：出芽增殖、缢缩增殖、中间隔板增殖、被膜向内出泡或内陷增殖、被膜形成双层膜小泡再积累淀粉增殖，它们均是淀粉质体被膜的一种膜行为。

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors play an important role in adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid metabolism, activation of PPAR may induce the differentiation of adipocyte,influence the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation,eventually lessen ectopic fat accumulation and improve the impaired insulin signaling,so the medicine which targets to the control point of FFA metabolism would be hopeful in the treatment of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities resulted from insulin resistance.

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体在脂肪细胞分化、脂肪酸代谢中起重要作用，PPAR及其所调控基因的激活可促进脂肪细胞分化、减少脂质产生、增加脂肪酸氧化，从而减少脂质的异位沉积，进一步改善损伤的胰岛素信号转导通路，逆转胰岛素抵抗。针对脂肪酸合成及氧化的关键调控点的药物可能是今后治疗胰岛素抵抗引发的一系列代谢异常的新的靶点。关键词过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体；脂肪酸代谢；胰岛素抵抗

Shoot apices of calla lily were used for in vitro culture. Multiplication rate on lateral bud formation was low. There were two patterns of multiplication rates with serial subcultures among three calla lily cultivars.

本研究以三个彩色海芋品种继代培养之培殖体及发根苗为材，调查续继代过程组培体增殖倍并探讨继代次对增殖族群主芽基部及发根苗基径大小频分布的影响。

It turned out reproduction rete of chrysanthemum was raised,the regular,non-plant diseases and insect pests could be offered to the market. Shoot tip were used as explants to study the effects of different sterilization methods, illumination intensity and concentrations of 6-BA and NAA on shoot propagation. Rooting with perlite, vermiculite and river sand instead of agar was studied. In the process of preliminary multiplication, the effect of using 0.1% HgCl_2 in sterilization of explants was better than using saturated bleaching solution. The highest multiplication rate was found under whole illumination. MS media with 6-BA from 0.2 mg·L~(-1) to 5 mg·L~(-1) and NAA from 0.05 mg·L~(-1) to 2 mg·L~(-1) were tested and as a result, the highest differentiation rate and the multiplication rate was reached with 0.2 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA, 0.05 mg·L~(-1) NAA.

本实验以菊花的茎尖为外植体，研究了不同灭菌方法，光照强度，全光照、半光照和弱光处理以及不同6-BA和NAA浓度及配比对于试管苗增殖的影响，并研究了珍珠岩、蛭石和河砂等琼脂替代物对于菊花生根的影响，结果表明：在初代培养物建立的过程中采用0.1％升汞进行表面灭菌的效果好于饱和漂白粉的灭菌效果；在全光照条件下外植体的增殖倍数最高；在试管苗增殖培养的过程中，以MS为基本培养基，并在培养基中添加0.2～5mg·L~(-1)6-BA和0.05～2mg·L~(-1)NAA，其中0.2mg·L~(-1)6-BA和0.05mg·L~(-1)NAA最适于外植体的分化和增殖，其分化率为100％，增殖倍数为12。

Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有按摩明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数按摩明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

Methods Cell culture,flow cytometry,HE staining,Nigrosine staining and electron microscopy were used. Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

The additional supplements including glucose,ascorbic acid and insulin had the enhancement effects on C.andersoni development,while folic acid had no significantly effect on C. andersoni development and calcium pantothenate had inhibited effect.When added 50 mmol/L glucose,50μg/ml ascorbic acid,0.3 U/ml insulin into 10%FCS RPMI-1640 medium,the proliferation of C.andersoni had a great significantly increase,and the gene copies of C.andersoni were 8-fold compared with that in 10%FCS RPMI-1640 medium.

冻融法+蛋白酶K法+声裂法提纯隐孢子虫卵囊DNA效果最佳，其次为冻融法+声裂法和蛋白酶K法+声裂法，冻融法+蛋白酶K法效果最差。10%FCS是培养安氏隐孢子虫的最佳FCS浓度，葡萄糖、维生素C和胰岛素都具有促安氏隐孢子虫增殖作用，泛酸钙无促虫体增殖效果，而叶酸则抑制虫体增殖。10%FCS RPMI-1640培养液中加入50 mmol/L葡萄糖，50μg/ml维生素C和0.3 U/ml胰岛素促安氏隐孢子虫增殖效果最显著，虫体增殖8倍。

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To study the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expressions at different time points in rat lung after phosgene exposure and explore the role of PPAR-γ in this pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 in each group.

背景与目的：研究大鼠经光气染毒后，不同时间点肺组织中过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体γ的表达变化，以探讨PPAR-γ在光气致大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用。

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossoer study, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes and one subject with partial lipodystrophy and diabetes due to dominant-negatie mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-actiated receptor- gene (P467L) receied placebo and rosiglitazone for 3 months.

在一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉的实验中，24例2型糖尿病和1例因过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体基因(P467L)显性负向突变导致部分脂肪营养不良和糖尿病的患者接受了3个月的安慰剂和罗格列酮治疗。

The results showed that DpCPV-W could amplify in vitro in Sf21 cell and form normal polyhedra.

研究了文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒在Sf2 1细胞中的离体增殖行为，并进行了空斑试验，结果显示DpCPV W毒株能够在Sf2 1细胞中增殖，也能在Sf2 1细胞上形成空斑，并能产生形态正常的病毒多角体。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失