填土

The opposite-pull upright retaining wall is base on the design philosophy of the anchor plate and the reinforced earth retaining wall which composed of wallboard、tension link and foundation and possess to diverse geologic settings hardiness,standing fewness, antiknock virtue best,cost cheap,tenacity particularly for extrude and more merits.

它由墙面板、拉杆、中间填料土和基础组成，中间的拉杆将两侧墙面系连成一个整体，填土对墙面板的土压力通过墙面系作用于拉杆，由拉杆的拉力来平衡。对拉直立挡墙具有对软基地质条件适应性强、占地少、防震性能好、造价低廉、韧性尤为突出等优点。

In light of the first expressway reinforced gabion retaining wall in China, which reinforced earth engineering of Xiangtan to Hengyang express highway section of K124 +300～K124 +895 in Hunan province, the external stability analysis of reinforced gabion retaining wall was analyzed by using the reliability analysis method and the reliability index and failure probability were given with this method. The results show that this method is simple, scientific and reasonable.

介绍了Rosenblueth矩估计方法的基本原理及其在加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性分析中的应用，提出了加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性可靠度分析方法，基于Rosenblueth方法开发了相应计算程序，研究了填料粘聚力c、内摩擦角φ、地震力、填土重度、车辆荷载以及加筋间距等重要参数对可靠度指标的影响，结合我国第一座高速公路加筋格宾挡土墙（湖南省湘潭至衡阳西线高速公路第十二合同段K124+300～K124+89段加筋土工程）运用可靠度理论分析其外部稳定性，得到了该挡墙外部稳定可靠性指标和破坏概率。

The landside area of the Yangshan deep water port is consisted of large-area high fill soil which is short period project.

洋山深水港区土程陆域系大面积高填土形成，工程周期短。

This paper reaches conclusions of the form and the place of the most dangerous slide area of high fills embankment soaked in water and the reasonable method to analyze the stability of its slope : The reasonable method to analyze the stability of the slope of high fills embankment soaked in water should be polygonal line method .

对于下部填石上部填土的浸水高填方路堤，用折线法分析其边坡稳定性较为合理，其最危险的滑动面是通过路基左边缘和坡脚的复合形式滑动面。2。

Based on theoretical analysis, a three dimensional non-linear finite element program is developed to examine the effects of alleviating bridge approach differential settlement by emplacing geogrids in the backfill behind bridge abutment. After analyzing the character of stresses and displacements within backfill behind bridge abutments and the interfacial friction action between geogrids and fillings, mechanism of using geogrids to reduce differential settlement is obtained.

在理论分析的基础上，利用有限单元法编制了土工格栅处理路桥过渡段差异沉降的三维非线性有限元程序，并结合工程实例对台背回填的三维性状进行系统分析，研究了铺设土工格栅对台背填土位移场和应力场的影响，分析了土与格栅界面剪应力的大小和分布，从土与格栅的界面作用阐述了减小沉降差的机理。

Through the comparative analysis of the earth pressure calculated by the different calculation methods, it is known that when the earth pressure behind the abutment of the integral abutment bridge under the action of rising temperatures is calculated, it is not proper to use the m method to calculate the resistance coefficients of the abutment back wall and column earth while the resistance coefficient of the abutment back wall earth can be calculated by the Broms method. It is proper that the resistance coefficients of the earth of the abutment and pier piles should be considered by the p-y curve.

通过对不同方法计算的台后土压力的对比分析，得知：在计算升温引起的整体式桥台桥梁台后土压力时，桥台背墙及台柱土的水平抗力系数计算采用m法是不适合的；桥台背墙后填土的水平抗力系数可采用Broms法计算；土对台桩及墩桩侧的水平抗力系数按p-y曲线来考虑是适合的。

The Broms method, m method and p-y curve method are respectively used to calculate the horizontal resistance coefficient of the filled earth behind the abutment back wall, the m method and p-y curve method are used to calculate the resistance coefficients of the earth around the abutment column and at the sides of the abutment and pier piles. The TDV software is used to simulate the restraint of the earth to the piles ends.

分别采用Broms法、m法及p-y曲线法计算桥台背墙后填土的水平抗力系数；采用m法及p-y曲线法计算台柱土的水平抗力系数和台桩、墩桩侧土的水平抗力系数；采用TDV软件模拟土对桩端的约束作用。

Considering the progressive rupture mechanisms in backfill of different movement modes, the modified Coulombs solutions of active earth pressure were used to calculate the lateral earth pressures, the total lateral forces and their applied points. Comparisons of the calculated results with observations from model tests show that the prdposed methods can provide good predictions of earth pressures for different wall movement modes.

同时，根据不同位移模式下墙后填土渐进破坏的特点，对库仑土压力计算方法进行不同的修正，并引入摩擦角与位移之间的关系，得到不同墙体位移模式下任意位移时挡土墙上水平土压力强度大小、分布，水平土压力合力大小及合力作用点。

Less complicated ─ crushed stone soil, sandy soil and filling medium dense, plastic clay soil, water table above the fundus elevation, but easy to unwatering

较复杂──中密碎石土、砂土和填土，可塑粘性土，地下水位在基底标高之上，但易疏干

Complicated ─ crushed stone soil, sandy soil and filling of light dense, soft plastic clay soil ～ fluid plastic clay soil, water table above the fundus elevation, not easy to unwatering

复杂──稍密以下碎石土、砂士和填土，软塑～流塑粘性土，地下水位在基底标高之上，且不易疏干

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新