填土

The fruits of research in the thesis as follow:(1) The principle of variation of earth pressures on the culverts beneath the high fills are investigated in the thesis.

论文通过模型试验和数值模拟计算，研究了狭窄沟谷地形、宽坦沟谷地形、岸坡设涵和坡脚设涵四种边界条件下的高填方涵洞土压力随填土高度变化的规律，研究结果表明，在各种边界条件下，高填方涵洞涵顶土压力变化规律相似，当填土达到一定高度后，仍有部分土压力传递到涵顶上，使高填方涵洞的土压力不随填土高度成线性增加，土压力呈非线性变化，高填方涵洞的土压力明显低于理论土压力σ=γH计算值。

The test results show the principle of variation of pressures on culverts beneath high fill is similar, it is that, even if the embankment is filled up to a higher height, the earth pressures can still partly transfer to the top of culvert, as a result the pressures on the culvert increase nonlinearly with the variation of height of fill and further the pressures are obviously lower than theoretical value by σ=γH.

模型试验和数值模拟计算结果表明，当填土达到一定高度后，高填方涵洞上方将产生明显的拱效应，但由于涵洞填土为破碎的岩土，其拱效应与岩石中开挖洞室上方的拱效应不同，高填方涵洞上方填土产生的"土拱"效应具有不稳定的特点，表现为随着填土高度的增加仍有部分土压力传递到涵洞上，涵顶土压力随填土高度成非线性增加。

On period " golden hill business management " the magazine published from " digging pit filling " the by-talk article that speaks of, from a 3 people working party, one person digging pit, telegraph pole of one person erect, one person filling, that person of inopportune erect telegraph pole because reason absent, and the person of filling of those two digging pit is illuminated dry a jest that do not deduce by accident are derivative be short of the impressions that break to business management target.

梗概： 上期《金山企业管理》杂志刊登了一篇从"挖坑填土"说起的杂谈文章，从一个三人工作小组，一人挖坑，一人架设电线杆，一人填土，不巧架设电线杆的那个人因故缺席，而那两个挖坑填土的人照干不误所演绎出的一则笑话引出对企业管理目标缺失的感想。

A number of significant conclusions are proposed. For the first time,double arciform strain of the soil nailing is observed in the miscellaneous fill. It is considered as the result that there are two potential slide planes in the miscellaneous fill. The critical anchorage length is analyzed and determined for the first,which is 9 m in this experiment. T...

首次测得并分析了杂填土中土钉的双弓形应变分布形态，指出这是填土边坡中存在2个或以上潜在滑动面的结果；首次测得并分析了土钉临界锚固长度，指出在本试验条件下，其长度约为9 m，并认为临界锚固长度是应变峰值点、零值点和破坏点同时发生转移而形成，锚固类结构均具有此特点。

This paper,describes the RIC construction technology and its equipments,introduces construction process and compaction scheme,analyzes parameters of uncompacted fill soil and gravel-soil,compacted fill soil,and abutment backside soil,and reviews detection method.

文中阐述了RIC工法及其设备，介绍了RIC工法施工工艺流程及夯击方案，研究了RIC工法在松散填土和填石工程、补强夯实工程及结构物台背填土夯实工程施工中的施工技术参数控制，并综述了RIC工法的施工检测方法。

The data from stress box indicate that the observed values usually are smaller than the theoretical ones, and the relationship between the vertical or lateral stress and the fill soil thickness can be described in a power function curve: a- a hb. The fact that the soil stress is bigger in the portion adjacent to the central part of gully and becomes smaller in the portion close to the side illustrates that the gully has an apparent unburdening effect. From the monitoring results of the settlement deformation during and after constructingperiod, the study conducts statistical system analysis and evaluation on the change of settlement with time.

根据压力盒测试结果表明，测量值往往比实际的理论计算值小，填土的竖向和侧向土压力与填土厚度可以用幂次型曲线表示：σ=ah~b愈向沟谷中心部位，土压力值愈小，愈向沟谷边缘，土压力数值越大，说明沟谷边坡具有明显的卸荷作用；根据施工期和工后期的沉降变形监测数据，对路堤内各测点的竖向沉降随时间的变化规律进行了数理统计系统分析和总结，工后期路面沉降和时间关系可用对数曲线表示：S=aln+b，并根据此沉降规律对高填方加筋土路堤的工后沉降进行了预测。

The data from stress box indicate that the observed values usually are smaller than the theoretical ones, and the relationship between the vertical or lateral stress and the fill soil thickness can be described in a power function curve: cr= ahb. The fact that the soil stress is bigger in the portion adjacent to the central part of gully and becomes smaller in the portion close to the side illustrates that the gully has an apparent unburdening effect. From the monitoring results of the settlement deformation during and after constructingperiod, the study conducts statistical system analysis and evaluation on the change of settlement with time.

根据压力盒测试结果表明，测量值往往比实际的理论计算值小，填土的竖向和侧向土压力与填土厚度可以用幂次型曲线表示：σ=αh~b，愈向沟谷中心部位，土压力值愈小，愈向沟谷边缘，土压力数值越大，说明沟谷边坡具有明显的卸荷作用；根据施工期和工后期的沉降变形监测数据，对路堤内各测点的竖向沉降随时间的变化规律进行了数理统计系统分析和总结，工后期路面沉降和时间关系可用对数曲线表示：S=aln+b，并根据此沉降规律对高填方加筋土路堤的工后沉降进行了预测。

On period " golden hill business management " the magazine published from " digging pit filling " the by-talk article that speaks of, from a 3 people working party, one person digging pit, telegraph pole of one person erect, one person filling, that person of inopportune erect telegraph pole because reason absent, and the person of filling of those two digging pit is illuminated dry a jest that do not deduce by accident are derivative be short of the impressions that break to business management target.

梗概： 上期《金山企业管理》杂志刊登了一篇从&挖坑填土&说起的杂谈文章，从一个三人工作小组，一人挖坑，一人架设电线杆，一人填土，不巧架设电线杆的那个人因故缺席，而那两个挖坑填土的人照干不误所演绎出的一则笑话引出对企业管理目标缺失的感想。

Cement and quick-lime were selected as addition because of their common and easy to popularize. The effects of these two additions on the dredger fill samples in stiffness and consolidation speed were tested and compared within a cylinder-shaped experimental container.

选取水泥和生石灰这两种较为容易推广的普通材料作为添加剂，分析了添加剂对吹填土固结强度的影响，同时将添加了水泥和生石灰的吹填土的固结速度进行了对比研究，结果表明：添加剂的添加有利于加快吹填土固结。

Study was conducted regarding to the relationship between the lateral earth pressure, the acting point of resultant force and the resulting turning moment to the back of retaining walls, and the deformed ground profile of backfills.

在挡土墙平移各历程阶段，研究挡土墙背水平向侧土压力、挡土墙背水平向侧土压合力作用点与倾覆力矩和填土地表变形轮廓等之关系，并就填土地表急剧区间与经典库仑理论平面滑动面位置作比较探讨。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。