基音

Based on this algorithm, the dynamic programming to smooth the detected pitch are used and the testing results are compared with the autocorrelation function under the noise environment.

在NCCFPDA算法的基础上，采用动态规划的方法对检测出的基音周期进行平滑，并在噪声环境下与自相关法检测基音周期的检测结果进行了比较。

Experimental results show that the satisfactory effects for pitch track smooth and surd/sonant decision with this method are gotten and the robust pitch determination is realized.

实验表明NCCFPDA算法在基音轨迹的平滑和清／浊判别方面都具有令人满意的效果，能实现基音周期的鲁棒性检测。

The audio waveform is divided into several pieces according to the pitch period, and then the successive pieces with the same semitone arc grouped into one segment. The scaling operations arc performed on all these segments by the pre defined scaling factor.

首先利用基音分析技术将整个音频波形分割为若干基音周期，然后以半音为单位将连续的基音周期组织成音频段落，并在各个段落内部按指定比例进行缩放。

The computational complexity has been reduced about 5 times over against the original one. Moreover, the interpolation and quantization processing of CW is more reasonable; 2. A secondary power normalization algorithm is proposed in this dissertation. This normalization algorithm ensures that the energy sum of SEW and REW is 1. So, the energy ratio of SEW and REW can be achieved only by using SEW energy. This ratio is applied in REW quantization and CW composition; 3. For more efficient quantization for Slowly Evolving Waveform magnitude, Rapidly Evolving Waveform magnitude and power parameters, firstly, by applying the Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth theory, classifiable multi-codebooks method, analysis-by-synthesis approach and so on, a predictive AbS multi-codebooks SEW magnitude quantization scheme is proposed. In the scheme, pitch information is exploited to determine which codebook is searched; secondly, for REW magnitude quantization, this dissertation proposed a DCT-matrix multi-codebooks quantization scheme. The classification in muti-codebooks is based on pitch and quantized SEW power. The multi-codebooks structure may offer more the information in quantization and solve the problem of the bit requirement limits in quantization by consuming some extra storage space; Furthermore, for the switch quantization of CW gain, a new classified parameter is proposed.

本文的主要贡献体现为如下几方面：一、为了减少WI模型的计算复杂度，提出了基于快速傅立叶变换、三次B样条插值和周期延拓技术的特征波形(Characteristic Waveform，CW)表示和对齐的快速算法，与原方法相比，计算量下降到原方法的1/5，同时也使得CW在插值和量化时更合理；二、为了严格保证SEW与REW的能量和为1，提出了一种特征波形的二次功率归一化算法，仅需要SEW能量就可以算出二者的能量比，并可应用到后续的REW的分类量化和CW合成中；三、为了对慢渐变波形(Slowly Evolving Waveform，SEW)幅度、快渐变波形(Rapidly Evolving Waveform，REW)幅度和特征波形功率进行有效量化，本文首先采用临界频带理论、分析合成技术、感觉加权技术以及预测式矢量量化技术，提出了一种基于基音周期分类的SEW分析合成预测式多码书量化方法；其次，本文根据基音和量化后SEW的功率信息对REW幅度进行分类，提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的REW矩阵多码书量化方法。

The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide a more accurate and smoother pitch tracking than that of IMBE, and the reconstructed speech is more continuous.

实验结果表明，与IMBE标准中的基音检测算法相比，该方法能提供更正确且平滑的基音轨迹，尤其在过渡段能有效地跟踪快速基音变化，从而使重建语音具有更好的连续性和主观质量。

A vocal speed increases since some pitch periods is deleted from a vocal signal sequence. However, if pitch periods is inserted or deleted, it causes the phases uncontinuous and the sound pulsated.

插入部分基音周期使语音速度降低，删除部分基音周期能使语音速度提高。

In the LP analysis, the differences in the windows, the quantization and interpolation of LSP are mainly described. In the comparison of pitch detection, the differences between open-loop and close-loop pitch detection of the two standards are analyzed. Besides, the differences in the structure of codebooks and searching algorithm as well as the quantization of gains are betrayed.

在线性预测分析方面主要对2种算法的加窗、LSP量化与内插的不同进行了陈述；在基音搜索方面对开环和闭环基音搜索上的差异进行了分析，并且对代数码书结构和搜索算法及增益参数量化的差别进行了阐述。

The paper also introduces some general methods in pitch detected, and distills the module in the arithmetic of AMR coder for research.

本文还介绍了基音检测常用的一些方法，并把AMR算法中基音检测模块提取出来，做了一定的研究。

The method can also decrease the effects of amplitude and formants the speech signal for pitch detection. The pitch period is calculated by ACF algorithm for the one bit signals.

还给出了一种适合于硬件电路实现的快速基音周期估计方法，并在一个FPGA(芯片型号为SpartanⅡXC2S30vq100-6)芯片上实现了语音信号的基音周期实时估计系统。

By still another method, harmonic frequencies for a plurality of fundamentals are amassed and organized so that partials linked to an unknown fundamental can be compared with them and the unknown fundamental deduced.

还有一种方法是：数个基音的泛音频率被收集和编排，这样，与一个未知基音联结的分音能与它们比较，并且未知的基音被推断。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。