基部的

Leaf sheaths loose, strongly compressed, keeled, basal sheaths imbricate; leaf blades broadly linear to lanceolate, flat or folded, 5–20 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or adaxial surface pilose, apex obtuse; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Racemes 2–5, digitate or subdigitate, 4–10 cm, only slightly diverging; rachis glabrous. Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 2–2.7 mm, pilose or glabrous, apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma 2–4-veined, midvein absent, laterals marginal; upper lemma pale, oblong-elliptic, shorter than spikelet, obtuse with an apical tuft of hairs; stigmas pale.

叶鞘松散，强烈压扁，龙骨状，基部的鞘覆瓦状；叶片宽线形到披针形，平的或折叠， 5-20 * 0.6-1.2 厘米，无毛的或正面具柔毛，先端钝； 0.3-0.5毫米外消旋体2-5的叶舌，指状或者4-10厘米，subdigitate，只是稍微分歧；轴无毛长圆状披针形的小穗，2-2.7毫米，具柔毛或无毛，先端锐尖；上面颖片和更下部的外稃2-4－脉，中脉无，边缘；浅，长圆状椭圆形的上面外稃，短于小穗，钝具一顶端1束毛；柱头浅。

Inflorescences aggregations of sessile florets in spikelets or pseudospikelets, branching absent to compound, bracteate or ebracteate; spikelets prophyllate or not, glumes often poorly distinguished from basal bracts and lemmas, not subtending viable buds or branches, or in pseudospikelets subtending axillary buds capable of partial or extensive spikelet ramification; lodicules absent to very many, usually 3, usually ciliate, veined, posterior lodicule usually narrower than anterior pair.

花序(更多的correctlysynflorescences)集中的无梗小穗或复合的分枝无到，pseudospikelets小花，或无苞片；小穗先出叶与否，从基部的苞片和外稃卓越的不好的颖片通常，通常，许多的鳞被无到，通常具缘毛，，通常比前面对狭窄的后唇瓣鳞被。

The results of The biological characteristics of Semanotus bifasciatus have showed: 1. The hole of Semanotus bifasciatus associated with a certain temperature.2.The main damages of Semanotus bifasciatus located oriental arborvitae tree trunks, while above 3m parts are not damaged. 3.The Mating numbers of Semanotus bifasciatus are not unique ,and the duration varied due to the different individuals, the average duration is 3.2 minutes . 4. when are flying , they are more sensitive to blue and green; while moved, they are more sensitive to black.

对双条杉天牛的生物学特性的研究结果表明：双条杉天牛出孔与温度有一定的相关性，温度过低，双条杉天牛停止出孔；对于树高7m以上的树，主要危害侧柏基部的1-3m的主干部分，3m以上基本不受害；双条杉天牛需要经过一段时间的抱合才能交尾，交配对象不专一，雌雄成虫均可以多次交尾，交尾时间长短不一，平均3.2min/次；飞行时对蓝色和绿色较为敏感，爬行时对黑色较为敏感。

Stamens 6, inserted at or near base of tepals; filaments usually flat at base; anthers basifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules (2 or 3 or)6--8 per locule.

雄蕊6，花被片的着生的在基部或近基部；通常的花丝平的在基部；花药基着子房3室；胚珠(2或3或)6-8每室。

Stamens 6, inserted at perianth throat or at base of segments; filaments sometimes basally connate; anther dorsifixed or basifixed, mostly introrse.

雄蕊6，着生于花被喉部或者在裂片的基部；花丝有时基部合生；花药背着或者基着，大多为内向。

Culm sheaths pale green-purple or yellow-green, at lower and or basal nodes with purple blotches and small spots, initially white powdery, scabrous between veins and minutely strigose, at upper nodes unmarked, usually glabrous; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule purple or yellow-green, peaked, fragile, 4–8 mm, usually decurrent on one or both sides, erose or lacerate, ciliolate; blade reflexed, green, linear, flat or ± wavy on lower sheaths.

竿箨苍绿色紫色的或黄色绿色，在低和或基部的节具紫色的斑点和小的斑点，叶耳和口头的刚毛无；叶舌紫色的或黄色绿色，达到最高点，脆，或者两面的4-8毫米，在一上的通常下延，啮蚀状的或撕裂状，具短缘毛；叶片反折，绿色，线形，平的或多少波浪状的在下部鞘。

Culms to 10(–15) m, to 10 cm in diam.; internodes deep green, 35–45(–55) cm, initially thinly white powdery, sparsely deciduously white hairy; wall to 2 cm thick; nodes flat, white tomentose; branching from basal nodes up. Branches many, main mid-culm branch to 2 cm in diam.

秆对10(-15)米，在10厘米直径；节间深绿色，35-45(-55)厘米，最初稀疏白色敷粉，白色有毛的脱落的的稀少；壁到2厘米厚；节平，白色；向上的来自基部的节的分枝。

The endogenous phytohormones of fissurate growth species-Reaumuria trigyna Maxim, Reaumuria soongorical Maxim and unfissurate growth species-Helianthemum soongoricum Schrenk living in the same place was studied.The contents of IAA, ZR are higher in the fissurate place of Reaumuria trigyna Maxim; The contents of GA3, ZR are higher in the fissurate place in Reaumuria soongorical but the content of endogenous phytohormones are higher in seedling of Helianthemum soongoricum Schrenk ,which illuminates endogenous phytohormones are higher in the actively growing parts and probably adjust the fissurate growth.

对同一生境条件下进行劈裂生长的长叶红沙、红沙和无壁裂生长现象的半日花内源激素的研究发现，长叶红沙在刚刚开始劈裂的过渡植株的壁裂发生部位累积IAA和ZR，红沙在刚刚开始劈裂的过渡植株的壁裂发生部位累积GA：；和ZR，半日花则是幼苗茎基部的激素含量较高，说明内源激素在生长旺盛部位含量较高，对劈裂生长的发生具有一定的调控作用。

Culms to 9 m, to 4 cm in diam., usually geniculate at basal 2 or 3 nodes of slender culms; internodes to 40 cm, initially white powdery, pubescent or scabridulous with tubercles left by fallen hairs; nodal ridge slightly more prominent than sheath scar.

秆给9米，在4厘米直径，在纤细的秆的基部的2或3 节点通常膝曲； 40厘米节间，有疣最初白色粉状，青春期或者微糙以下降的头发离开；节的脊比鞘痕突出的稍。

Culms 2–3.5 m, 0.8–1.5 cm in diam.; internodes 20–28 cm, flattened, grooved, thickly white powdery below nodes, nearly solid; nodes with level or weakly prominent supra-nodal ridge; sheath scar prominent, with persistent remains of sheath base. Branches 5–15, deflexed. Culm sheaths gradually deciduous, ca.

秆2-3.5米，0.8-1.5厘米直径；节间的20-28厘米，使变平，在上开槽，在节点下面厚厚白色粉状，差不多固体；节具水平或身体虚弱的突出的超级节的脊；突出的鞘痕，具鞘基部的宿存的残余。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

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