基础训练

Therefore in order to enable the deaf children speak articulately, the trainers can start with breath-control for speaking by which they can guide and train the deaf children to speak articulately, correctly and loudly so as to prepare for the vocal language educationand communication in the future.

所以要解决聋儿把话说好的问题，应当从聋儿言语呼吸训练入手，在言语呼吸训练中引导和训练聋儿把话说得清晰、准确、响亮，为日后接受有声语言教育和进行正常言语交流打下基础。

The reasons that the United States is losing ground on the talent map have less to do with training mechanisms and more to do with bigger factors: a highly distractive youth culture, a focus on the glamour of winning rather than on the brickwork of building technique and a sporting environment that is gentler than those found in many of the world's harder corners.

其原因是，美国正在失去他们在天才地图上的土地。缺乏训练原理指导的训练和训练中有较大的因素影响----高度分散年轻人注意力的文化，对胜利的渴望大于扎扎实实地掌握基础的技术，以及运动环境的幽雅要优于许许多多设在世界各个角落的其他训练场。

A new and efficient learning algorithm of asociative memory neural network is proposed, with the following characteristics:(1)it can store any given training pattern set no matter how much and what correlation among them may be;(2)the smallest domain of attraction of training patterns is maximized;(3)each domain of attraction of training patterns is guaranteed to be as large as possible;(4)the designed associative memory network is globally stable.

摘要提出一种新的联想记忆网络模型的有效学习算法，它具有下述特点：(1)可以全部存储任意给定的训练模式集，即对于训练模式的数目和它们之间相关性的强弱没有限制；(2)最小的训练模型吸引域达到最大；(3)在(2)的基础上，每个训练模式具有尽可能大的吸引域；(4)联想记忆神经网络是全局稳定的。

Base on the analysis, an improved training symbol with symmetric and repetitive structure is proposed, and the estimate range of the frequency offset is enlarged by increasing the number of repetitive sequence and shortening the interval of repetitive sequence.

在此基础上，提出了一种改进的训练符号结构，即在SC算法重复结构的训练符号中引入共轭对称结构，同时通过增加重复序列的数目，缩小重复序列之间的间隔，进一步扩大基于单个训练符号的频偏估计范围。

By iteratively combining these two procedures we achieve a way of training the configuration of RBFNN. In addition, the algorithm is very robust with respect to the noise level. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithms are sound. In chapter 3, which is the extension of chapter 2, the improvements of the architectures of RBFNNs and the solutions of their relating problems are discussed, Firstly, an new distance metric is advanced and a forward orthogonal least square selection procedure is applied to learning the parameters of classification function and selecting the important input nodes.

首先分析了目前存在的同时确定RBFNN结构和参数的方法的缺陷，在此基础上提出了用基于拉马克的进化学说的进化编程算法来改进算法，以克服某些缺陷；然后针对受到严重噪声污染的系统，如何提高RBFNN的泛化能力的问题，利用基于AIC的适应度函数的改进遗传算法学习结构和参数；最后介绍基于MDL原理的方法，将优化网络的结构和参数分为两个阶段：训练和进化，先自适应地改变RBFNN基函数的中心和宽度，同时训练输出线性权值，再用基于MDL原理的适应度函数的标准GA来优化隐层节点，通过交替使用这两过程达到训练RBFNN的结构和参数的目的，该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

It is meaningful how to use information technology means (including multimedia, network, and virtual reality) for training, and keep going on to study the cases of dealing with burst out affairs and turn over fear, making of hammer-harden of learner synthesis diathesis.

本论文从武警部队初级指挥学院教育训练的现状出发，指出目前武警初级指挥院校在运用信息化手段进行教育训练方面存在的不足，在以建构主义学习理论为代表的先进的教育学习理论指导下，运用分布式虚拟现实技术、Agent技术和知识管理技术，依托武警初级指挥院校现有的良好网络基础设施，设计一个面向武警初级指挥学员综合知识学习与指挥能力培养的分布式虚拟训练系统，并进行原型设计与实现，目的是为初级指挥员综合指挥培训创设虚拟训练平台，作为实训教学的有效补充。

Therefore, according to the recognitions of sport training on athletes physical training, the subjects examined in this paper are 61 Chinese top women wrestlers (30 great-level wresters and 31 middle-little level wresters), who are preparing for the world wrestling championships in 2006.(including 30 great-level wresters and 31 middle-little level wresters ). Through different lever wresters'physical quality structural characteristics, with the selection of the experts and coaches this paper test and analyze the 19 indicators of quality to identify and capture a different level of quality athletes movement of the main factors, digging out from the quality of training athletes campaign focus and on this basis to high major athletes physical training methods and means.

因此，本文依据运动训练学理论对体能训练的认识，以备战2006年世界摔跤锦标赛的61名健将级女子摔跤运动员(其中包括30名大级别运动员和31名中小级别运动员)为研究对象，从不同级别运动员的运动素质结构特征入手，对专家、教练员所筛选出的19项运动素质指标进行测试和因子分析，确定并解析构成不同级别运动员运动素质的主要因子，从中挖掘出运动员运动素质训练的重点，并在此基础上提出高水平运动员体能训练的主要方法和手段。

Based on this, the author suggests that at the beginning to start diagnostic foundation up, we divide the training period, choose the training method, make sure load tendency and pay attention to the design of the athlete individual training project.

研究指出竞技跆拳道项目体能训练存在的问题；从实战的角度结合项目制胜规律，围绕比赛主要得分手段、能量代谢和腿法、步法以及拳法的技术特点提出体能训练的基本思路；建议在初始诊断的基础上，划分训练周期、筛选训练方法和确定负荷趋势，注重运动员个体化训练方案的设计。

The research points out the existing problems on the physical training of Taekwondo. Besides, from the point of competition, the author puts forward the basic way of thinking of physical training, surrounded with the methods of winning, energy metabolism and leg method, footwork and boxing method. Based on this, the author suggests that at the beginning to start diagnostic foundation up, we divide the training period, choose the training method, make sure load tendency and pay attention to the design of the athlete individual training project.

研究指出竞技跆拳道项目体能训练存在的问题；从实战的角度结合项目制胜规律，围绕比赛主要得分手段、能量代谢和腿法、步法以及拳法的技术特点提出体能训练的基本思路；建议在初始诊断的基础上，划分训练周期、筛选训练方法和确定负荷趋势，注重运动员个体化训练方案的设计。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。