基础薄弱

At first in the preliminary design this paper computes the linear damping coefficient of the viscous damper employed in this project using Composite Response Spectra approach, meantime, this paper proves that reducing the exponent of velocity of the piston can increase the magnitude of the dissipative energy, because of the viscous damper employed in the practical project character nonlinear behavior; next this chapter performs analysis and comparison between the building without and with the viscous dampers aforementioned when the building suffers from various Time Domain Response, from the angle of displacement, interstroy drift, velocity, interstory velocity, acceleration, energy, maximum axial force of the dampers and of the column etc., in order to prove that the incorporating the viscous dampers into the buildings has great superiority on enhancing its aseismic performance ; furthermore, this chapter also expatiates on diverse assembly form of the viscous dampers that results in the adverse impact on the internal force of the structural member in this building, on the ground of which this segment bring about the preference of the assembly form of the viscous damper; finally this chapter points out the sphere of application of the analysis and computation using Composite Response Spectra approach in design: it is available in well-proportioned stiffness structures and isn抰 available in the structures that contain weak story. It is recommendable, particularly, to incorporate the fluid viscous dampers into this structure that contain weak story to refrain earthquake and reinforce, such as the Central Hall of Shanghai Exhibition Hall.

首先使用了反应谱分析法设计出欲附设的粘滞阻尼器的线性阻尼系数，由于实际工程所用的粘滞阻尼器具有非线性的特性，故而笔者又证明了降低速度指数对提高粘滞阻尼器的耗能量的优势所在；接着分别从位移、层间位移、速度、层间速度、加速度、能量、最大阻尼出力和柱轴力等不同的角度对结构在附设粘滞阻尼器前后的时程反应进行了分析对比，籍此在实际工程中证明了附设粘滞阻尼器对于提高结构的抗震性能的优越性；再者，笔者还阐述了采用不同的粘滞阻尼器布置方式对结构中构件内力特别是柱轴力和基座竖向反力产生的不利影响，并在此基础上提出了布置方式的优选；最后，指出了反应谱法在设计中的适用范围：对于均匀结构反应谱法能够使用，而对于含有薄弱层的结构反应谱法并不适用；对于类似于上海展览馆中央大厅的含薄弱层的结构尤其值得使用粘滞阻尼器的方法进行抗震加固。

In the end,it is brought forward that some items should be researched first,such as the research on conception,statistics unit,constant inspection,law control,management system,public participation,industry policy,resource evaluation,and environmental impact assessment of Shoaly Land exploitation.

最后，对比研究框架，指出当前我国的滩涂基础研究薄弱，应用研究也不全面，宜优先发展滩涂定义界定、统计口径与动态监测和法律管制、管理体制、公众参与、产业政策、资源定级估价与滩涂开发环境影响评价等滩涂研究的薄弱环节。

There is a great difference inhumanities and social sciences education between domestic medical colleges and others inthe developed countries, such as the schooling mode, management and school running,students\' origin, humanistic foundation, teaching methods and improvement of the teachingstaff structure etc.

目前我国医学院校人文社科教育存在的问题主要有：对人文社科教育重视程度不够；学生人文素质水平不高，人文社科基础知识薄弱；人文社科课程设置不合理，课时少；教学方法单一、死板；师资力量较薄弱等。

We should reexamine and approve the nature of special archives and departmental archives, and decide the limits in collecting records at different levels of state general archives. We should improve the receipting policy and strengthen...

要重新审定专业和部门档案馆的性质和各级国家综合档案馆收集档案的范围，改进接收方策，强化档案的接收与征集工作，同时依靠法制建设，从根本上改变基层档案室室藏基础薄弱的状况。

With poor basis and small size, its industry mainly has departments such as sugaring, spinning, leather, shoemaking, food processing, cigarette, match, jute processing and so on.

工业基础薄弱，规模小，主要有制糖、纺织、皮革、制鞋、食品加工、香烟、火柴和黄麻加工等部门。

Compared to telatively developed areas of the interior,minority nationality regions have lower levels of health service,which is associated with these features of the regions:(1)Poor groundings in health service,and scattered inhabitation and inconvenient communications over vast expanses of land,(2)incompetence,shortage and irrational composition of medical personnel,and(3)serious influences of old customs and feudalistic survivals.

少数民族地区医疗卫生现状与对策与内地较为发达的地区比较，少数民族地区卫生事业水平较低。其原因有三：①少数民族地区卫生事业基础薄弱，居住分散，地域辽阔，交通不便；②卫生人员质量不高，数量不足，结构不合理；③旧风俗及残余封建势力影响严重。

The university offers 101 courses for those freshmen and sophomores who have little knowledge of mathematics.

大学为大学一年级、二年级数学基础薄弱的学生准备了入门课程。

Aiming at disjunction of microcosmic researches and macroscopical researches and status quo of theory basis researches of Aeolian sand movement near the sand bed, based on plenty of experiment data in wind tunnel, this thesis studies some microcosmic researches including the number of lift-off sand grains percent time percent sand bed area and relative movement parameters of saltating sand grains by combined methods of mechanical and statistical mechanical theories. Then, this thesis develops in advance a relation between the microcosmic researches and macroscopical researches in order to describe truly the theory model of some macroscopical physical variable of Aeolian sand movement.

本文针对当前风沙运动微观与宏观研究相脱节、准确描述近地面风沙运动规律的理论基础薄弱的现状，基于大量风洞实验数据，通过对沙床面单位时间单位面积起跳沙粒数、沙粒跃移运动过程中相关参数等微观问题的研究，力图建立风沙运动微观与宏观研究的联系桥梁，以期能够准确描述风沙运动宏观量变化的理论模型。

Based on reference [1], a new index to estimate the voltage stability weakness of nodes and a method to judge the transmission line with weak voltage stability are proposed.

在文献[1]的基础上提出一种新的衡量节点电压稳定性薄弱程度的指标和一种判断电压稳定性薄弱线路的方法。

With the rapid step of reform, civil aviation of China became the bottle n eck that restricted national economic developments in 1980s.

在上世纪80年代，随着改革步伐的加快，中国民航因基础薄弱，一度成为制约国民经济发展的瓶颈之一。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。