基础油

The non-continuously moving state lies on the vehicle's structural characteristic. This air-cushion vehicle has two platforms, which are connected by two hydraulic cylinders. When it moves, one platform is fixed on ground as the base platform, and takes the other one as moving platform, then the vehicle can go forward by alternate movement of these two platforms. So the push-pull air-cushion vehicle is a self-propelled vehicle.

它的非连续运动形态取决于其结构特点，该气垫车由两个对称的子平台组成，中间通过液压油缸相铰接，运动时总是固定其中一个平台作为基础平台，而将另一个平台作为运动平台，基础平台通过液压缸推出或拉进运动平台交替动作，实现运动，因此推拉式气垫车是一种自走式气垫车。

With the investigation of the domestic and foreign literature systematically, the bases on the domestic and foreign present research and the comprehensive utilizations of the various knowledge of fluid mechanics in porous medium, reservoir engineering, mathematical physics, perforation completion, numerical simulation and so on, this article takes numerical simulation of gas reservoir of water solubility as the research aim which has completed following research works and obtained the corresponding research results: it analyzes the nature of the Water-soluble gas and formation water as well as the influent factors of the solubility through the study of massive materials; It establishes mathematical models three-dimension, the dual medium, the gas-water phase through the way of finite difference in the migration of water-soluble gas, which describes the entire process of release, migration and production in formation, where it considered the problems of variable bubble point; According to the numerical models of gas reservoir of water solubility it provides solution procedure that based on black oil model; It discovers that there will obtain the good effects in the lowly speed of development through simulation; the reinjection of formation water may largely enhance the produce degree of water-soluble gas when we consider reinjection in simulator; It considered the influence of perforated completion on development so as to increase the simulator"s versatility, It discovers that the simulator may reflect the conditions of development when we exanimate he simulator"s reliability with the empirical datum.

本文以水溶性气藏数值模拟研究为研究目标，在系统调研国内外文献、深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上，综合利用渗流力学、油气藏工程、数学物理方法、射孔完井以及数值模拟理论等多方面的知识，完成了以下研究工作并取得相应的研究成果；①通过对大量的资料调研，分析了水溶气、地层水性质、储层地质性质以及影响气体在水中溶解度的因素。②考虑到由于高压产生的大量水力裂缝，采用有限差分方法建立水溶气运移的三维、双重介质、气-水两相全隐式数学模型，该模型描述了水溶气在地层中的释放、运移和采出的整个过程。③在原有黑油模型的基础上，根据水溶性气藏数值模型编制了该数值模型的求解程序，该程序可以求解单重、双重介质两种情况。④通过模拟不同开采速度对水溶气开发效果的影响，发现开采速度较慢的时候可以取得较好的开采效果。⑤在模拟器中考虑了注水对水溶性气藏开发的影响，地层水回注可以大幅度提高水溶气的采出程度。⑥为增加模拟器的通用性，在模拟器中考虑了射孔完井方式对开采的影响。⑦检验模拟器计算的可靠性，发现在使用实验数据对水溶性气藏进行模拟时，模拟器可以很好的反映气藏开发的状态。

The basis function of the coinjection of Nitrogen and steam is increasing the displacement volume and supply the displacement energy on the basis of Nitrogen, the result of the numerical simulation showed that, after the coinjection of Nitrogen and steam (the optional aqueous Nitrogen ratio was 1: 20～1: 50), the theamal readius increased from 30m to 55m more or less, the recovery ratio increased by 5～10％. The production effect of the high cycles steam stimulation will be improved and the pattern infill will be avoided and the economic results will be improved. 4. The poor result of steamflood is another problem. On the basis of the analysis of the foamer mechanism in the propayation, movement and stabilization, this paper showed that the main meachanism of the increasing recovery of the Nitrogen foam and steamflood was the increasing displacement factor and oil displacement efficiency.

三针对蒸汽吞吐加热半径有限（一般30m左右）而蒸汽吞吐轮次已高达5轮以上的具体情况，将氮气与蒸汽混合（套管环空中注氮气，油管中注蒸汽）进行吞吐可增加加热半径1～2倍以上；在对原油流变性研究基础上，对氮气蒸汽原油体系状态进行了分析，指出了氮气在油藏中基本上是以气相方式存在；热氮混合吞吐的基本作用为扩大波及体积和提供驱油能量；在此基础上所进行的热氮混注数值模拟研究表明：蒸汽中加入氮气后（最佳汽氮比为1：20～1：50），加热半径从30m增至55m左右，采收率可提高5～10％以上，大大改善了高轮次蒸汽吞吐的生产效果，可避免大规模井网加密，提高了经济效益。

In order to overcome the technological difficulties encountered in the course of insulation fault diagnosis on the base of dissolved gases analysis, several kinds of mathematic models and actualized methods are brought forward to improve the reliability and veracity of fault diagnosis of transformers. The research works are shown mainly as followings:1 A modified fuzzy multi-criteria method is brought forward for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer. Furthermore, a new method for insulation fault diagnosis is proposed on the base of fuzzy multi-criteria together with rule reasoning. With fuzzy diagnosis in the method, fault reasons are filtrated and then the reasons in low probability are prohibited, Moreover, the left reasons are testified by using rule reasoning and then final concludes are drawn in much less misjudge probability and better results.2 On the base of geometry characteristics of C- partition to sample set of DGA data of transformer, a method is put forward to compute effective radius of neighbor field of a sample, number of clusters and values of initial centers. Moreover, the fuzzy C- means cluster model with adaptive weight is brought forward in the first time and then the fault classifier is designed for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer.3 According to the weakness of the degree of gray of gray incidence, a new formula to compute DGI is put forward and then incidence order criterion is ascertained. Moreover, a new DGI model for fault diagnosis is proposed according to the further analysis to relationship between fault reason and content of oil dissolved gases of transformer.

为解决在应用油中溶解气体分析方法（Dissolved Gases Analysis，简称DGA）诊断变压器内部绝缘故障时所遇到的主要技术难题，论文提出了用于提高变压器故障诊断准确性和可靠性的数学模型及实现方法，主要研究工作如下：1）提出了一种改进的变压器绝缘故障诊断模糊综合评判方法；进一步提出了将模糊综合诊断与规则推理相结合进行绝缘故障诊断的方法，该方法采用模糊推理对故障原因进行"过滤"，滤掉可能性极小的原因，然后进一步利用规则推理验证剩下的可能原因，得出最终结论，大大减少了误判比率，获得了较好的效果。2）根据以变压器DGA数据为特征量的样本空间的c-划分几何特性出发，提出了一种求取样本有效邻域半径和聚类数及聚类中心初值的方法，在此基础上，首次提出了一种自适应加权的变压器绝缘故障诊断的模糊c-均值聚类模型，并设计出故障分类器。3）针对常用灰色关联度的不足，提出了一新的灰色关联度计算公式及确定关联序的准则；并在此基础上，通过深入分析变压器发生绝缘故障时的原因与油中溶解特征气体含量的关系，建立了一种新的故障诊断灰色关联模型；通过实例分析证明，该方法能有效地诊断出变压器绝缘故障及故障部位，大大提高了诊断的准确性。

Theequivalence percolation resistance law is accurate enough to be used in productivitycalculation of horizontal well pattern.(3) Productivity of mixed well pattern of horizontalwell or multilateral horizontal well and vertical well is constructed and formulae are simpleenough to be used in the oilfield. The patterns include 5-spot pattern,7-spot pattern and9-spot pattern.(4) Productivity formula of united rectangular well pattern of horizontaland vertical wells is constructed. By this formula, the calculation results show that fora horizontal well length, there is a shape factor at which the productivity of the patternis biggest. So optimum method of the well pattern is proposed.(5) A new concept ofdimensionless length of horizontal well is advanced and the relationship of optimum shapefactor of the rectangular well pattern against dimensionless length of horizontal well ispresented. The influences of length of the horizontal well, area of the well pattern unitand the thickness of reservior are concerned.

利用该公式计算表明：当水平井长度一定时，存在一个最优井网形状，使得水平井的产能最大，在此基础上提出了水平井井网的优化方法；(5)提出了水平井无因次长度的概念，给出了联合井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系式，并对水平井长度、油层厚度及井网面积对产能的影响进行了分析；(6)推导出了一无限水平井井排在XY 平面内势的解析解，为不同水平井整体开发井网或水平井和直井井网整体开发渗流理论的研究奠定了理论基础；(7)建立了交错式水平井与直井整体开发渗流理论，给出了拟三维条件下井网产能的精确解析解及该井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，并对产能的影响因素进行了分析；(8)建立了水平井与水平井正排列井网、交错排列井网条件下渗流理论及井网产能在拟三维条件下的精确解析解，给出了交错井网条件下最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，通过与正方形井网对比，说明优化井网可大幅度提高开采效果；(9)建立了分支水平井和直井面积井网水油两相非活塞驱替条件下渗流问题的解析解，给出了见水前后无因次产量与无因次时间的关系式以及见水时间等。

Based on the summary of former measurements on elstohydrodynamic flim thickness,this paper introduces various measurements on film thickness of oil film bearing in rolling mill,and the recent fiber-optical displacement sensor and ultrasonic reflection methods are mainly illustrated.

在对弹流膜厚测量方法总结的基础上，介绍了与轧机油膜轴承油膜厚度的测量相关的技术方法，重点的介绍了近期发展的光纤位移传感器方法和超声共振方法。

In the fangshan nursery of zhonglin company, Beijing ,on the basis of poplar tree vessel seedling 's weeding experiment with 11 weed killers in the greenhouse , the effects of 12 weed killers on seven broad-leaf tree seedlings were separately carried on by the way of soil treatment and leaf treatmen in the field . The research results indicated that 24% oxyfluorfen EC treated soil surface with quantity of 40-80ml each 667m2,the weeding effect can reache above 95%; 10% imazaquin AS with quantity of 15-25 ml each 667m2, and 30% benazolin-ethyl EC with quantity of 56-76 ml each 667 m2 were sprayed on the weeds or leaves of the seedlings, the weeding effects can reach above 81% and 85% respectively, but safe to nursery stock growth .

在北京中林公司房山苗圃基地，用11种除草剂配方在塑料大棚杨树容器苗试验的基础上，对大田七个阔叶树种苗圃用12种除草剂配方分别进行土壤处理和茎叶处理，结果表明，用24%惠尔乳油，每667m2用商品量40-80ml作土壤处理，除草效果达95%以上；用10%咪唑喹啉酸水剂和30%草除灵乳油每667m2用商品量分别为15-25ml和56-76ml作茎叶处理，除草效果分别达81%和85%以上，对苗木生长安全。

On the basis of the burning character research of tea-seed oil on diesel engine, material handling was applied to the tea-seed oil .

植物能源已开始成为今后农用柴油机燃料的重要能源，在茶籽油作为S195型柴油机燃料进行的燃烧特性试验研究基础上，将茶籽油经过均质脱脂处理后在柴油机上燃烧，采用电子显微扫描镜测定废气碳粒的显微结构。

The analysis on pressure and saturation distribution was made with the four-dimension well testing model.

以黑油模型为基础，建立了考虑层间窜流的多层、多相数值试井理论模型，实现了压力场和含油饱和度的&四维试井理论&分析。

The conclusion that dissolved gases in gas composition and content of transformer could embody the inside of the transformer"s situation about "the insulation fault effectively is concluded.In the research of power equipment fault diagnosis based dissolved gases in transformer oil, the fault type increase clearly with the fault development. Traditional way is inability to faults diagnose of electrical equipment such as transformer that the fault reason, phenomenon and principle are indeterminacy etc.

在以油中溶解气体分析电气设备故障的模式识别研究中，当故障进一步发展，待判别的类型将显著增加，由于传统的诊断方法缺乏对样本数据的科学分析，不能够真实体现特征量数据的规律，将不可避免的面临准确率下降的问题，且不可能提供类间相互关系或演变过程的信息，因此用新的诊断方法来解决此类问题十分必要；本文在对目前变压器内部绝缘故障常用诊断方法总结分析的基础上，利用模糊数学的思想，提出以油中溶解气体为特征量，采用模糊聚类的方法对变压器内部绝缘故障进行诊断。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。