基础

Karl Marx's thought of alienation of labor is neither based methodologically on the logic of individual, nor based on the logic of original inter-subjective relations, but based on the logic of labor in motion.

由此，马克思劳动异化论的方法论基础不仅不是建立在单个人的基础之上，而且也不是建立在基始性的主体际性关系的基础上的，而是以动态性的劳动活动为核心内容的。

A novel phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM DC/DC full-bridge converter is presented in this thesis, which is based on the groundwork of summarization of the development of Power Electronics in recent years and lucubration in theoretical basis of modern high frequency soft switching power convert technique and analysis of operation principle, characteristic of the circuit and inherent drawbacks of the traditional phase-shifted zero-voltage switching PWM DC/DC full-bridge con...

本文在对近年来电力电子学科的发展高度综述和对现代高频软开关功率变换技术理论基础深入研究的基础上，对传统的移相控制ZVS PWM DC／DC全桥变换器的工作原理、电路特性、存在的缺点进行了分析，在此基础上提出了一种改进型的移相控制ZVZCS PWM DC／DC全桥变换器。

On the foundation of some principles,there are two kinds of method to be followed while maki...

在遵循一定原则基础上的内部转移价格的制定方法有两种：一种是以成本为基础，一种是以市价为基础

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

In this paper, searching technology of product information based on knowledge was researched. On the aspect of cognition, we researched the relation between user\'s cognition and designer\'s cognition, explored the knowledge flow in the process of product development, set up a matching model between user\'s knowledge and designer\'s knowledge, brought forward a modeling method based on users\' cognition, and set up a measurable model of product feature; coded and decoded product form element, set up a computer aided product form design system and image evaluating system based on the result of measurement. Accordingly, the product style and product image were systematically discussed, the recognition space of product style and image was constructed, the factors that affect product style and image were put forwards and analyzed, and the relation between product image and form elements was tested by experiments. Furthermore, the product automatic recognition technologies were discussed.And then, with the media of concept model and the kernel of parameter technology, a mathematic model that describing product layout design by constraints and rules was presented. Furthermore, a product design integration system based on imagery thinking including product fonii base system based on imagery thinking, product form design system based on imagery thinking and product form intelligent design system based on space layout were set up, which tested the system and provided a new way for product innovative design.

本文以产品特征描述目标对象——产品，研究一种基于知识的产品信息检索技术，在对产品的认知方面，研究了用户认知和设计师认知之间的关系，研究了产品开发过程中的知识流传递过程，建立了用户知识和设计知识之间的匹配模型，提出了一种基于用户知识的产品建模方法，它不但提取了产品的特征，还建立了产品特征量化模型，从而实现了产品知识的量化描述；对产品造型元素进行分解和编码，利用实验量化结果构造计算机辅助产品形状设计系统和心象评价系统；使用量表分析造型元素的心象尺度，构造输入、输出系统，建立了产品设计知识库咨询系统，可以方便用户和设计师来导入或查询产品设计方案；实现了对产品造型心象的分类知识库系统，便于设计师存储或查询，辅助设计师进行产品创新设计；通过实验量化了产品造型参数和产品心象参数之间的关系，并在此基础上建立了基于心象的产品形状设计系统，为产品空间布局方案智能生成系统奠定基础；在基于知识库的基础上建立了产品空间布局方案智能生成系统，通过更改概念产品造型参数，实现了产品设计方案的智能生成，使系列化的设计工作变得十分方便；将产品的心象运用到实际设计过程中，能够引导流行趋势，创造出产品无形的设计价值。

In chapter two, under non-Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is researched, based on it, the stability of the solution is proved; In chapter three, under non-Lipschitz condition, the comparison theorem of the solution of the second kind of BSDE is proved and using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is constructively proved; in chapter four, on the base of above results, we get some results of the second kind of BSDE which partly decouple with SDE, which include that the solution of the BSDE is continuous in the initial value of SDE and the application to optimal control and dynamic programming. At the end of this section, the character of the corresponding utility function has been discussed, e.g monotonicity, concavity and risk aversion; in chapter 5, for the first land of BSDE ,using the monotone iterative technique , the existence of minimal and maximal solution is proved and other characters and applications to utility function are studied.

首先，第二章在非Lipschitz条件下，研究了第二类方程的解的存在唯一性问题，在此基础上，又证明了解的稳定性；第三章在非Lipschitz条件下，证明了第二类BSDE解的比较定理，并在此基础上，利用单调迭代的方法，构造性证明了最大、最小解的存在性；第四章在以上的一些理论基础之上，得到了相应的与第二类倒向随机微分方程耦合的正倒向随机微分方程系统的一些结果，主要包括倒向随机微分方程的解关于正向随机微分方程的初值是具有连续性的，得到了最优控制和动态规划的一些结果，在这一章的最后还讨论了相应的效用函数的性质，如，效用函数的单调性、凹性以及风险规避性等；第五章，针对第一类倒向随机微分方程，运用单调迭代方法，证明了最大和最小解的存在性，并研究了解的其它性质及在效用函数上的应用。

Ihde's philosophy of technology is very typical in contemporary American circles of philosophy of technology. His philosophy is not only closely related to former philosophers of technology such as Heidergger and Mumford, but also integrates analytical philosophy and pragmatism with phenomenology. By using materials of history of technology and anthropology, lhde reinterprets former basic problems in the philosophy of technology and forms his own system of philosophy of technology. Ihde's philosophy represents the new directions of American philosophy of technology, which pay attention to the research of the history of technology, the philosophical foundation of philosophy of technology and technological practices.

伊德的技术哲学思想在当代美国技术哲学中很有代表性，他的思想既与以前的技术哲学家像海德格尔、芒福德等人的思想密切相关，又在现象学的基础上融合了实用主义和分析哲学的成分，并借助于人类学和技术史等学科的材料，重新阐释了以前技术哲学中的一些主要问题，形成了自己的现象学技术哲学的思想体系，代表了当代美国技术哲学的最新趋势，即在研究技术史、技术哲学的哲学基础和技术实践的基础上，从不同的角度重新看待技术本身。

In partⅠ, it discusses the philosophical substratum in the formation of the blank art which is embodied specially of Chinese tradition philosophy. In the philosophical substratum of blank art, the antinomy and unity of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of composition, the interrelation of positivism and negativism constitutes the philosophy of artistic conception, and the interdependency of spirit and matter constitutes the philosophy of aesthetics.

第一层面主要论述了我国传统哲学在艺术中的具体体现，认为它的形成有着浓厚的哲学底蕴：其中阴阳的对立统一是空白艺术的构图哲学基础，虚实的相生相成是空白艺术的意境哲学基础，心境的互依互现是空白艺术的审美哲学基础。

This paper introduces the concept of basic system of solutions for the nonhomogeneous linear equation set, and further discusses its structure and transition matrix.

在非齐次线性方程组中引入基础解系的概念，并在此基础上进一步讨论了解的结构，以及基础解系间的过渡矩阵。

It is a unification of passivity and initiativeness, hereditability and openness, normativeness and joviality.Based on the above theoretical analysis, this paper intends to carry out an empirical review and a methodological construction on university student's moral learning according to their moral learning practice and implementation strategies--- the author starts with expounding the most distinctive features of contemporary China, i.e. globalization and China's social transformation are keeping abreast to boom, the popularization of higher education is pacing ahead, the build-up of a harmonious society is taking place steadily.

在理论探析的基础上，本文还着力从大学生道德学习的实践基础和实施策略两个层面对大学生道德学习进行实践分析和方法建构：在大学生道德学习实践基础的研究中，笔者首先论证了当今中国最显著的时代特征就是全球化的迅猛发展与中国社会转型的并肩而行、中国高等教育大众化的快速发展和中国和谐社会建设的稳步推进。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。